Use of water quality index and multivariate statistical methods for the evaluation of water quality of a stream affected by multiple stressors: A case study
Küçük Resim Yok
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Elsevier
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
Therefore, water quality of the stream is of great importance. In this study, multivariate statistical techniques (MSTs) and water quality index (WQI) were applied to assess water quality of the stream affected by multiple stressors such as untreated domestic sewage, effluents from fish farms, agricultural runoff and streambank erosion. For this, 16 water quality parameters at five sites along the stream were monitored monthly during one year. Most of parameters showed significant spatial variations, indicating the influence of anthropogenic activities. All parameters except TN (total nitrogen) showed significant seasonal differences due to high seasonality in WT (water temperature) and water flow. The spatial variations in the WQI were significant (p < 0.05) and the mean WQI values ranged from 87.6 to 95.3, indicating “good” to “excellent” water quality in the stream. Cluster analysis classified five sites into three groups, that is, clean region, low polluted region and very clean region. Stepwise temporal discriminant analysis (DA) identified that pH, WT, Cl?, SO42?, COD (chemical oxygen demand), TSS (total suspended solids) and Ca2+ are the parameters responsible for variations between seasons, and stepwise spatial DA identified that DO (dissolved oxygen), EC (electrical conductivity), NH4–N, TN (total nitrogen) and TSS are the parameters responsible for variations between the regions. Principal component analysis/factor analysis revealed that the parameters responsible for water quality variations were mainly associated with suspended solids (both natural and anthropogenic), soluble salts (natural) and nutrients and organic matter (anthropogenic).
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Water quality index, Multivariate analysis, Multiple stressors, Water quality assessment, Stream monitoring, Water resources management
Kaynak
Environmental Pollution
WoS Q Değeri
Q1
Scopus Q Değeri
Q1
Cilt
266
Sayı
Künye
Varol, M. (2020). Use of water quality index and multivariate statistical methods for the evaluation of water quality of a stream affected by multiple stressors: A case study. Environmental Pollution, 266, 115417.
