Restorative Design of Underground Structures Damaged by Kahramanmaras (Turkey) Earthquakes on 6 February 2023: A Case Study on Erkenek Highway Tunnel

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dc.contributor.authorGedik, Abdulgazi
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-19T06:37:40Z
dc.date.available2026-06-19T06:37:40Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.departmentMalatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractOn 6 February 2023, two consecutive earthquakes, with magnitudes of 7.8 and 7.7 (Mw), struck Kahramanmaras Province in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. A thorough evaluation of post-seismic damage to underground structures is critically important for ensuring both structural safety and operational serviceability. Focusing on the Erkenek Tunnel, this study provides a systematic investigation to assess the impact of the devastating Kahramanmaras earthquakes on highway tunnels. The tunnel sustained significant damage, primarily concentrated in its inner lining structures, and as a result, its left tube was shut down for service. Based on the in situ observations, geological conditions, initial design documents and construction techniques, a numerical analysis was conducted to model critical tunnel sections and evaluate their structural stability. Considering both static loads and seismic forces, restoration design works, techniques and construction sequences are recommended for the damaged sections of the Erkenek Tunnel. As the earthquake damage sustained by underground structures is a rare case, the methodology and findings of this study regarding post-seismic tunnel inspections and rehabilitation designs shed light on the maintenance works of in-service tunnels in earthquake-prone zones.
dc.description.sponsorshipGeneral Research Projects [44001]; MALATYA TURGUT OZAL UNIVERSITY [24G26]
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded by MALATYA TURGUT OZAL UNIVERSITY through project number 24G26, General Research Projects code 44001, entitled 6 & Scedil;ubat Kahramanmara & scedil; Merkezli Depremlerin Karayolu Tunellerinde Olu & scedil;turdu & gbreve;u Sismik Deformasyonlar & imath;n & Idot;ncelenmesi (in Turkish) and The APC was funded by the author.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/su17219756
dc.identifier.issn2071-1050
dc.identifier.issue21
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105021545717
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/su17219756
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12899/5151
dc.identifier.volume17
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001613139900001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.institutionauthorGedik, Abdulgazi
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofSustainability
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260612
dc.subjectHighway Tunnel
dc.subjectBack Analysis
dc.subjectSeismic Damage
dc.subjectOvalization
dc.subjectRestorative Design
dc.titleRestorative Design of Underground Structures Damaged by Kahramanmaras (Turkey) Earthquakes on 6 February 2023: A Case Study on Erkenek Highway Tunnel
dc.typeArticle

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