Seismic Failure Mechanism Shift in RC Buildings Revealed by NDT-Supported, Field-Calibrated BIM-Based Models

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dc.contributor.authorEren, Mehmet Esen
dc.contributor.authorFenerli, Cenk
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-19T06:37:53Z
dc.date.available2026-06-19T06:37:53Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentMalatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractThis study proposes a field-calibrated, NDT-integrated BIM modeling framework to improve the reliability of post-earthquake assessment for reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. The approach combines destructive and nondestructive testing (NDT) data-including core drilling, Schmidt hammer, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and Windsor probe-through a site-specific WinSonReb regression model. The calibrated material properties (average compressive strength approximate to 18.6 MPa, CoV > 20%) were embedded into a Building Information Modeling (BIM) environment, producing an as-is, NDT-calibrated BIM model representing a Level-2 static digital twin of the structure. Nonlinear static pushover analyses performed in accordance with TBDY-2018 and ASCE 41-17 showed that the calibrated model exhibits a fundamental period of 0.85 s-approximately 18% longer than the uncalibrated BIM model. This elongation increased displacement demand and caused a shift in performance classification: while the uncalibrated model indicated Life Safety (LS), the calibrated model predicted behavior approaching Collapse Prevention (CP) in the Y direction. Furthermore, calibration reversed the predicted damage hierarchy, from ductile beam hinging to brittle column- and wall-controlled failure near elevator openings, consistent with post-event observations from the 2023 Kahramanmara & scedil; earthquakes. These results demonstrate that integrating field-calibrated NDT data into BIM-based seismic models fundamentally alters both strength estimation and failure-mechanism prediction, reducing epistemic uncertainty and providing a more conservative basis for retrofit prioritization. Although demonstrated on a single case study, the proposed workflow offers a realistic and scalable pathway for NDT-supported seismic performance assessment of existing RC buildings.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/app16010455
dc.identifier.issn2076-3417
dc.identifier.issue1
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105027278593
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ1
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.3390/app16010455
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12899/5262
dc.identifier.volume16
dc.identifier.wosWOS:001658462300001
dc.identifier.wosqualityQ2
dc.indekslendigikaynakWeb of Science
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherMdpi
dc.relation.ispartofApplied Sciences-Basel
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_WOS_20260612
dc.subjectBuilding Information Modeling
dc.subjectDigital Twin
dc.subjectNondestructive Testing
dc.subjectDestructive Testing
dc.subjectField Calibration
dc.subjectSeismic Performance Evaluation
dc.subjectReinforced Concrete Structures
dc.subjectPost-Earthquake Assessment
dc.titleSeismic Failure Mechanism Shift in RC Buildings Revealed by NDT-Supported, Field-Calibrated BIM-Based Models
dc.typeArticle

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