Plasma free amino acids in Parkinson’s disease: An exploratory case–control study

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dc.contributor.authorKurt, Zeynep Eker
dc.contributor.authorAydin, Huseyin
dc.contributor.authorGokce, Seyda Figul
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-19T06:31:59Z
dc.date.available2026-06-19T06:31:59Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.departmentMalatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi
dc.description.abstractObjectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with systemic metabolic alterations; however, reproducibility and methodological standardization remain ongoing challenges in metabolomics research. This exploratory case–control study aimed to evaluate whether targeted plasma free amino acid profiling reveals statistically robust differences between PD patients and healthy controls. Methods: Forty-three patients with PD and 43 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Plasma free amino acids were quantified using a targeted triple quadrupole LC–MS/MS platform with Appendix 1 isotope-labeled internal standards. Between-group comparisons were performed with appropriate statistical tests. False discovery rate (FDR) correction and effect size (Cohen’s d) calculations were applied. Compound-based KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was conducted using FDR-significant metabolites. ROC analyses were performed for signal strength assessment only. Results: After FDR correction, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, proline, taurine, threonine, and phenylalanine/tyrosine-related ratios remained significant, with moderate-to-large effect sizes. Compound-based KEGG enrichment demonstrated significant clustering within interconnected amino acid metabolism pathways, including arginine and proline metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism (pathway-level FDR <0.05). Exploratory ROC analyses showed moderate signal strength for proline (AUC=0.794), taurine (AUC=0.792), and threonine (AUC=0.780). Conclusion: Targeted plasma amino acid profiling revealed coordinated systemic alterations in amino acid metabolism in PD within a statistically disciplined analytical framework. These findings reflect peripheral metabolic variation and should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis-generating. The study primarily contributes an analytically validated and FDR-corrected dataset to the discussion on methodological rigor in PD metabolomics, rather than evidence of diagnostic or mechanistic inference. Validation in longitudinal, clinically well-characterized cohorts is required. © 2026, Association of Clinical Biochemistry Specialists (Klinik Biyokimya Uzmanlari Dernegi). All rights reserved.
dc.identifier.doi10.14744/ijmb.2026.93357
dc.identifier.endpage77
dc.identifier.issn2587-2362
dc.identifier.issue2
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-105036051249
dc.identifier.scopusqualityQ4
dc.identifier.startpage71
dc.identifier.urihttps://doi.org/10.14744/ijmb.2026.93357
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12899/4911
dc.identifier.volume9
dc.indekslendigikaynakScopus
dc.language.isoen
dc.publisherAssociation of Clinical Biochemistry Specialists (Klinik Biyokimya Uzmanlari Dernegi)
dc.relation.ispartofInternational Journal of Medical Biochemistry
dc.relation.publicationcategoryMakale - Uluslararası Hakemli Dergi - Kurum Öğretim Elemanı
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.snmzKA_Scopus_20260612
dc.subjectAlanine
dc.subjectAmino Acids
dc.subjectArginine
dc.subjectAspartic Acid
dc.subjectFree Amino Acids
dc.subjectLc–Ms/Ms
dc.subjectPhenylalanine
dc.subjectPlasma
dc.subjectProline
dc.subjectTargeted Metabolomics
dc.subjectTaurine
dc.subjectThreonine
dc.titlePlasma free amino acids in Parkinson’s disease: An exploratory case–control study
dc.typeArticle

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