Hacıhaliloğlu kayısı çeşidinde dönemsel su stresi ve gübre uygulamalarının vegetatif ve generatif gelişime etkisi
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Tarih
2021
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MTÖ Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma, beş yaşındaki Hacıhaliloğlu kayısı çeşidine ait ağaçlarda, bitki gelişimi, meyve verim ve kalite ölçütleri üzerine, belirlenen beş sulama döneminden her sulama dönemi için farklı bir gruba uygulanan su stresi ve gübre uygulamalarının etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla 2018 ve 2019 yıllarında Kayısı Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğü Akçadağ-Karapınar Kampüsü Araştırma Uygulama Bahçesi'nde yürütülmüştür. Deneme alanında 2013 yılında 10x10 metre aralıklarla dikimi yapılmış Hacıhaliloğlu çeşidine ait kayısı ağaçlarından gelişim düzeyleri birbirine yakın 54 adet kayısı ağacı işaretlenmiştir. İşaretli ağaçlardan rastgele seçilen 5 ayrı sulama konusuna (S1, S2, S3, S4, ve S5) ait ağaçlara, 3 tekerrürlü olarak farklı 5 sulama döneminde su stresi uygulanmış, kontrol (S6) konusuna bu dönemlerin tamamında su verilmiştir. Ayrıca tüm deneme ağaçlarına, ilkbaharın başında üç farklı dozda taban gübresi (15-15-15 N, P, K) uygulanmıştır. Deneme konusu ağaçların 2018 ve 2019 yıllarındaki çiçeklenme dönemleri, hasat tarihleri ve yaprak dökümü zamanları gibi fenolojik safhaları takip edilerek tarihleri kaydedilmiş, ağaçların vegetatif gelişim parametreleri olan gövde çapı, anadal çapı ile sürgün uzunlukları ve sürgün çapları, vejetatif gelişimin başlangıcı ile sonunda olmak üzere yılda iki kez ölçülmüştür. Hasat olumunda hasat edilen meyvelerden alınan örneklerde, her iki yılda da pomolojik ölçümler yapılarak meyvedeki kalite ölçütleri incelenmiş, ağaçların toplam verimleri kaydedilmiştir. Çalışmanın her iki yılında da uygulamaların fenolojik dönemlere etkisi önemsiz bulunmuştur. Morfolojik ölçümlerde; uygulamaların gövde ve anadal çapına etkisi her iki yılda da genel anlamda önemsiz bulunurken, yıllık sürgün gelişiminde G3 gübreleme ve kontrol sulama uygulamalarının daha fazla gelişim sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Meyvelerin fiziksel ölçümlerinde; kontrol ve S4 sulama uygulamalarının meyve ağırlığında artış sağladığı, gübre uygulamalarında ise anlamlı bir farklılığın oluşmadığı saptanmıştır. Kimyasal ölçümlerde S1 uygulamasının denemenin ilk yılında SÇKM değerini artırdığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada ağaç başına en yüksek verime, ilk yıl S1 sulama konusundaki G2 gübre dozunda, ikinci yıl S5 sulama konusundaki G1 gübre dozunda ulaşılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda; gübrelemenin toplam verimi artırdığı ancak doz artışının belirgin bir etkisinin olmadığı görülmüştür. Ağaç gelişimi için diğer gübreleme dozlarına benzer etkiyi gösteren G1 (900 g ağaç-1 NPK-15-15-15) dozu, tavsiye edilebilir bulunmuştur. Su stresi dönemlerinden de S1 uygulamasının diğer su stresi konularına göre ön plana çıktığı, belirgin verim ve meyve kalite kayıplarına neden olmadığı görülmüş olup, kayısıda tavsiye edilebilir su stresi stratejisi olarak belirlenmiştir.
This study was conducted in 2018 and 2019 in order to determine the effects of water stress applied to a different group for each irrigation period and different doses of base fertilizers on plant growth, fruit yield and quality criteria on trees belonging to the five-year-old Hacıhaliloğlu apricot variety. Institute Directorate was conducted in Akçadağ-Karapınar Campus Research Application Garden. In the experimental area, 54 apricot trees with close development levels were marked from the apricot trees of the Hacıhaliloğlu variety, which were planted at 10x10 meters intervals in 2013. Water stress was applied to trees belonging to 5 different irrigation subjects (S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5) randomly selected from marked trees in 5 different irrigation periods in 3 repetitions, and water was given to the control (S6) subject in all these periods. In addition, three different doses of base fertilizer (15-15-15 N, P, K) were applied to all test trees at the beginning of spring. Phenological phases such as flowering periods, harvest dates and leaf fall times of the tested trees in 2018 and 2019 were followed and their dates were recorded In the samples taken from the fruits harvested at the harvest, pomological measurements were made in both years and the quality criteria in the fruit were examined and the total yields of the trees were recorded. In both years of the study, the effects of the applications on the phenological periods were found to be insignificant. In morphological measurements; while the effect of practices on stem and major diameter in both years was found to be insignificant in general, it was determined that G3 fertilization and control irrigation practices provided more improvement in annual shoot development. In physical measurements of fruits; it was determined that control and S4 irrigation practices increased fruit weight, while there was no significant difference in fertilizer applications. It was determined that S1 application in chemical measurements increased the SÇKM value in the first year of the experiment. In the study, the highest yield per tree was achieved with the G2 fertilizer dose for S1 irrigation in the first year, and G1 fertilizer dose for S5 irrigation in the second year. At the end of the study; It has been observed that fertilization increases the total yield, but the dose increase does not have a significant effect. The dose of G1 (900 g tree-1 NPK-15-15-15), which has a similar effect to other fertilization doses for tree growth, has been found to be recommended. It has been observed that S1 application in water stress periods stands out compared to other water stress issues, does not cause significant yield and fruit quality losses, and has been determined as a recommended water stress strategy for apricot.
This study was conducted in 2018 and 2019 in order to determine the effects of water stress applied to a different group for each irrigation period and different doses of base fertilizers on plant growth, fruit yield and quality criteria on trees belonging to the five-year-old Hacıhaliloğlu apricot variety. Institute Directorate was conducted in Akçadağ-Karapınar Campus Research Application Garden. In the experimental area, 54 apricot trees with close development levels were marked from the apricot trees of the Hacıhaliloğlu variety, which were planted at 10x10 meters intervals in 2013. Water stress was applied to trees belonging to 5 different irrigation subjects (S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5) randomly selected from marked trees in 5 different irrigation periods in 3 repetitions, and water was given to the control (S6) subject in all these periods. In addition, three different doses of base fertilizer (15-15-15 N, P, K) were applied to all test trees at the beginning of spring. Phenological phases such as flowering periods, harvest dates and leaf fall times of the tested trees in 2018 and 2019 were followed and their dates were recorded In the samples taken from the fruits harvested at the harvest, pomological measurements were made in both years and the quality criteria in the fruit were examined and the total yields of the trees were recorded. In both years of the study, the effects of the applications on the phenological periods were found to be insignificant. In morphological measurements; while the effect of practices on stem and major diameter in both years was found to be insignificant in general, it was determined that G3 fertilization and control irrigation practices provided more improvement in annual shoot development. In physical measurements of fruits; it was determined that control and S4 irrigation practices increased fruit weight, while there was no significant difference in fertilizer applications. It was determined that S1 application in chemical measurements increased the SÇKM value in the first year of the experiment. In the study, the highest yield per tree was achieved with the G2 fertilizer dose for S1 irrigation in the first year, and G1 fertilizer dose for S5 irrigation in the second year. At the end of the study; It has been observed that fertilization increases the total yield, but the dose increase does not have a significant effect. The dose of G1 (900 g tree-1 NPK-15-15-15), which has a similar effect to other fertilization doses for tree growth, has been found to be recommended. It has been observed that S1 application in water stress periods stands out compared to other water stress issues, does not cause significant yield and fruit quality losses, and has been determined as a recommended water stress strategy for apricot.
Açıklama
YÖK Tez No: 659084
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture, Kayısı, Prunus armeniaca, Kayısı gübrelemesi, Kayısıda sulama, Dönemsel sulama, Gübreleme, Apricot, Prunus armeniaca, Fertilization, Irrigation, Periodic water stress
