Bazı elma çeşitlerinin Malatya'da ova şartlarında performanslarının incelenmesi
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
MTÖ Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Elma yetiştiriciliği, kuzey ve güney yarı kürenin ılıman iklimine sahip hemen hemen bütün bölgelerinde yapılmaktadır. Ancak; her ekolojiye uygun çeşitleri belirlemek önemli olup, bu çeşitlere ait performansların incelenmesini gerektirir. Bu çalışma, Malatya ili ova şartlarında yetiştirilen bazı elma çeşitlerinin performanslarının belirlenmesi amacıyla 2018- 2019 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada; Pink Lady, Golden Delicious, Starcrimson Delicious, Granny Smith ve Fuji elma çeşitlerinin fenolojik, pomolojik, verim özellikleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre; tomurcuk kabarması 13-27 Mart, tomurcuk patlaması 20 Mart-1 Nisan, çiçeklenme başlangıcı 31 Mart-18 Nisan, tam çiçeklenme 5-24 Nisan, çiçeklenme sonu 11 Nisan-1Mayıs, hasat zamanı 16 Eylül- 8 Kasım, yaprak dökümü 4-15 Aralık tarihleri arasında gerçekleşmiştir. Çeşitlerin meyve ağırlığı 131.17 g (Pink Lady) - 160.70 g (Granny Smith), meyve eti sertliği 4.50 kg/cm2 (Golden Delicious) - 6.72 kg/cm2 (Granny Smith), meyve kabuk renk değerleri L değeri 81,46 (Golden Delicious) - 53.70 (Starcrimson Delicious), a değeri Pink Lady (31.11) ve Granny Smith (-15.56 ), b değeri Granny Smith (46.10) - Starcrimson Delicious (19.20) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Çeşitlerin SÇKM değeri %12.60 (Granny Smith)- %16.83 (Fuji), pH değeri 3.41 (Fuji)- 4.48 (Pink Lady), TEA değeri %0.14 (Fuji) - %0.27 (Starcrimson Delicious), toplam fenolik madde miktarı 338 mg/100 g GAE (Pink Lady) - 854 mg/100 g GAE (Golden Delicious), antioksidan aktivitesi %49 (Golden Delicious) - %67 (Granny Smith), toplam şeker miktarı 543.20 g/kg (Granny Smith) - 644.49 g/kg (Golden Delicious), indirgen şeker miktarı 377.22 g/kg (Granny Smith) - 447.56 g/kg (Golden Delicious) arasında tespit edilmiştir. Çeşitlerin ağaç başına düşen verimi 23.30 kg (Granny Smith ) - 63.30 kg (Fuji), birim alana düşen verimi 1553.30 kg/da (Granny Smith) - 4220 kg/da (Fuji) arasında değişim göstermiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, Malatya ova şartlarında rakım düşük olduğundan dolayı gece ve gündüz sıcaklıkları arasında çok fazla fark bulunmadığı için elmalar istenen renk değerlerine ulaşmamıştır. Dolayısıyla bu şartlarda elma yetiştiriciliği yapmak isteyen üreticilerin Granny Smith, Golden Delicious ve Pink Lady gibi daha açık renkli meyveler teşekkül eden çeşitlere yönelmesi gerekmektedir.
Apple cultivation is carried out in almost all regions of the northern and southern hemisphere swarmclimates. However; it is important to determine the appropriate varieties for all ecology, requires examination of the performances of these varieties. This study was carried out in 2018-2019 in order to determine the performance of some apple varieties grown in plain conditions in Malatya province. In the study; The phenological, pomological, yield characteristics of Pink Lady, Golden Delicious, Starcrimson Delicious, Granny Smith and Fuji apple varieties have been examined. According to the results of the research; bud swelling March 13-27, bud burst March 20 - April 1, the beginning of flowering March 31 - April 18, full flowering April 5-24, end of flowering April 11 - May 1, harvest time September 16 - November 8, leaf dump December 4-15 between dates took place. Fruit weight of varieties 131.17 g (Pink Lady) - 160.70 g (Granny Smith), fruit flesh hardness 4.50 kg/cm2 (Golden Delicious) - 6.72 kg/cm2 (Granny Smith), fruit shell color values, L value 81.46 (Golden Delicious)- 53.70 (Starcrimson Delicious), a value Pink Lady (31.11) and Granny Smith (-15.56 ), b value Granny Smith (46.10) - Starcrimson Delicious (19.20) has been detected as. WSDM value of varieties 12.60% (Granny Smith) - 16.83% (Fuji), pH 3,41 (Fuji) - 4.48 (Pink Lady), TAA amount 0.14% (Fuji) - 0.27% (Starcrimson Delicious), total phenolic items quantity 338 mg/100 g GAE (Pink Lady) - 854 mg/100 g GAE (Golden Delicious), antioxidant activity 49% (Golden Delicious) - 67% (Granny Smith), total sugar amount 543.20 g/kg (Granny Smith) - 644.49 g/kg (Golden Delicious), reducted sugar amount 377.22 g/kg (Granny Smith) - 447.56 g/kg (Golden Delicious) between was determined. Yield per tree 23.30 kg (Granny Smith) - 63.30 kg (Fuji) and unit field efficiency 1553.30 kg/da (Granny Smith) - 4220 kg/da (Fuji) between has changed. As a result of the study, since the altitude is low in Malatya plain conditions, there is not much difference between day and night temperatures, so the apples have not reached the desired color values. Therefore, producers who want to grow apples in these conditions should turn towards to more light-colored fruits such as Granny Smith, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady.
Apple cultivation is carried out in almost all regions of the northern and southern hemisphere swarmclimates. However; it is important to determine the appropriate varieties for all ecology, requires examination of the performances of these varieties. This study was carried out in 2018-2019 in order to determine the performance of some apple varieties grown in plain conditions in Malatya province. In the study; The phenological, pomological, yield characteristics of Pink Lady, Golden Delicious, Starcrimson Delicious, Granny Smith and Fuji apple varieties have been examined. According to the results of the research; bud swelling March 13-27, bud burst March 20 - April 1, the beginning of flowering March 31 - April 18, full flowering April 5-24, end of flowering April 11 - May 1, harvest time September 16 - November 8, leaf dump December 4-15 between dates took place. Fruit weight of varieties 131.17 g (Pink Lady) - 160.70 g (Granny Smith), fruit flesh hardness 4.50 kg/cm2 (Golden Delicious) - 6.72 kg/cm2 (Granny Smith), fruit shell color values, L value 81.46 (Golden Delicious)- 53.70 (Starcrimson Delicious), a value Pink Lady (31.11) and Granny Smith (-15.56 ), b value Granny Smith (46.10) - Starcrimson Delicious (19.20) has been detected as. WSDM value of varieties 12.60% (Granny Smith) - 16.83% (Fuji), pH 3,41 (Fuji) - 4.48 (Pink Lady), TAA amount 0.14% (Fuji) - 0.27% (Starcrimson Delicious), total phenolic items quantity 338 mg/100 g GAE (Pink Lady) - 854 mg/100 g GAE (Golden Delicious), antioxidant activity 49% (Golden Delicious) - 67% (Granny Smith), total sugar amount 543.20 g/kg (Granny Smith) - 644.49 g/kg (Golden Delicious), reducted sugar amount 377.22 g/kg (Granny Smith) - 447.56 g/kg (Golden Delicious) between was determined. Yield per tree 23.30 kg (Granny Smith) - 63.30 kg (Fuji) and unit field efficiency 1553.30 kg/da (Granny Smith) - 4220 kg/da (Fuji) between has changed. As a result of the study, since the altitude is low in Malatya plain conditions, there is not much difference between day and night temperatures, so the apples have not reached the desired color values. Therefore, producers who want to grow apples in these conditions should turn towards to more light-colored fruits such as Granny Smith, Golden Delicious and Pink Lady.
Açıklama
YÖK Tez No: 621465
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ziraat, Agriculture, Malatya ova şartları, Elma çeşitleri, Fenolojik ve pomolojik özellikler, Verim, Malatya plain conditions, Apple cultivars, Phenological and pomological properties, Yield
