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Öğe Analyzing Biological Properties of Some Plum Genotypes Grown in Turkey(Taylor & Francis, 2020) Murathan, Zehra Tuğba; Arslan, Mehmet; Erbil, NurcanIn the current study, the biochemical components, antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, and antimutagenic activity of 5 plum (Demal, White Cancur, Cancur, Red plum, and Sugar plum) fruits grown in Posof/Ardahan, Turkey were investigated. While other genotypes are cultured, Demal genotype grows wild. The highest total ascorbic acid (TAC; 454 mg/100 g FW (fresh weight)) and total flavonoid content (TFC; 29.1 mg/100 g FW) were detected in Red plum genotype. The Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2?-azino-bis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) values were obtained highest in Sugar plum (563.8 µmol/g and 50.9%, respectively). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) content among the plum genotypes was also insignificant. Gallic acid, naringin, resveratrol, and caffeic acid were the predominant phenolic compounds in plum fruits. The resveratrol content in Red plum was significantly higher. The total sugar was found maximum in White Cancur and Cancur genotypes (545.15 and 546.08 mg/g, respectively). Twenty-three fatty acids were identified and quantified. Palmitic acid was the most abundant saturated fatty acid (SFA) in all samples. It was observed that all the plum extracts, except Cancur, exhibited antibacterial activity against the experimental bacteria. Further, different doses of plum extracts exhibited the antimutagenic effect.Öğe Bektaşi Üzümü (Ribes uva-crispa L.) ve Dağ Frenk Üzümünün (Ribes alpinum L.) Bazı Biyokimyasal İçerik ve Biyolojik Aktiviteleri Yönünden Karşılaştırılması(Aydin Adnan Menderes University, 2021) Erbil, Nurcan; Murathan, Zehra Tuğba; Arslan, Mehmet; İlçim, AhmetRibes L. cinsine ait bitkiler çoğu zaman doğal olarak yetişen, son zamanlarda da kültürü yapılan çalı formundaki bitkilerdir. Bu cinse ait olan bektaşi üzümü ve frenk üzümünün sağlık açısından çeşitli faydalara sahip olduğu bilinmekte olup, bu faydalarından dolayı son yıllarda insanoğlunun dikkatini cezbetmiş durumdadır. Bu çalışmada Beşikdüzü/Trabzon’dan toplanmış olan bektaşi üzümü (Ribes uva-crispa L.) ve dağ frenk üzümünün (Ribes alpinum L.) toplam askorbik asit, toplam fenolik ve toplam flavonoid içerikleri ile antioksidan, antibakteriyel ve mutajen aktivileri araştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar neticesinde, bektaşi üzümü ve dağ frenk üzümünün sahip olduğu toplam fenolik, flavonoid ve askorbik asit değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak bir fark gözlenmemiştir (p>0.05). Antioksidan aktivite değerlerinin ise dağ frenk üzümünde daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Antibakteriyel aktivite sonuçları incelendiğinde de benzer bir şekilde dağ frenk üzümü ekstraktının test bakterilerine karşı daha yüksek aktivite sergilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca; bektaşi üzümü ve dağ frenk üzümü ekstraktlarının hiçbirinde Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 ve TA 100’e karşı herhangi bir mutajen aktiviteye rastlanmamıştır.Öğe Chemical and biological characteristics of propolis from Apis mellifera caucasica from the Ardahan and Erzurum provinces of Turkey: A comparative study(Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 2021) Arslan, Mehmet; Sevgiler, Yusuf; Güven, Celal; Murathan, Zehra Tuğba; Erbil, Nurcan; Yıldırım, Deniz; Büyükleyla, Mehmet; Karadaş, Şakire; Çelik, Rima; Rencüzoğulları, EyyüpThe aim of this study was to compare the biological activities of ethanolic propolis extracts of Apis mellifera caucasica obtained from Ardahan and Erzurum provinces of Turkey. Samples were tested for antioxidant, anticytotoxic, anticarcinogenic, antibacterial, and antifungal potentials using different techniques. Propolis samples from the two provinces had different mineral and organic compositions related to their geographical origin. The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) test showed superiority of Ardahan propolis over the Erzurum. Regardless of origin and the presence of mitomycin C in the culture medium, propolis enhanced human peripheral lymphocyte viability, which depended on the duration and propolis concentration. Antiperoxidative activity on MCF-7 breast cancer cells was concentration-dependent. Erzurum propolis showed the highest anticarcinogenic activity at the concentrations of 62.5 ?g/mL and 125 ?g/ mL, which dropped at higher concentrations. All propolis samples also showed antibacterial activity against the tested human pathogens similar to ampicillin and penicillin controls, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, they did not exert any antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Yarrowia lipolytica. In conclusion, propolis samples from both provinces showed promising biological activities, but further research should focus on finding the right concentrations for optimal effect and include the cell necrosis pathway to get a better idea of the anticarcinogenic effects.Öğe Chemical Composition and Herbicidal Activities of Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Origanum Hybrids Grown in Different Global Climate Scenarios on Seed Germination of Amaranthus palmeri(Taylor & Francis, 2021) Yaşar, Ayşe; Karaman, Yücel; Gökbulut, İncilay; Tursun, Ayşe Özlem; Tursun, Nihat; Üremiş, İlhan; Arslan, MehmetThe present study aimed to investigate the changes in the essential oil contents of some Origanum hybrids grown at different carbon dioxide (400 and 800 ppm) levels in a fully automated carbon dioxide greenhouse. The chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It was found that, among the Origanum hybrids, there were differences between the essential oil contents of those grown under natural conditions and controlled greenhouse conditions. While an increase in carbon dioxide level significantly increased the thymol and carvacrol components, which are among important monoterpene components, of Origanum syriacum x O. onites and O. syriacum x O. vulgare hybrids, whereas it led to a decrease in O. syriacum x O. majorona hybrid. To determine the effects on germination of Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson seeds under laboratory conditions, the essential oils were used at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 ?l/petri doses. The most effective doses of essential oils for preventing the germination of A. palmeri seed were found to be 2 and 4 ?l/petri. In preventing the germination of seeds, the most effective (100 %) application for all the essential oils was achieved with O. syriacum x O. onites hybrid grown at 800 ppm. These results show that the CO2 increases that may occur as a result of climate change in the next years may lead to changes in the content of essential oils in Origanum hybrids and may have the potential to be used as bio-herbicidal to prevent the germination of A palmeri.Öğe Comparison of bioactive components, antimicrobial and antimutagenic features of organically and conventionally grown almond hulls(Springer, 2020) Murathan, Zehra Tuğba; Kaya, Armağan; Erbil, Nurcan; Arslan, Mehmet; Diraz, Emel; Karaman, ŞengülIn Turkey, almonds are grown via the following three methods: organic (O), conventional (C) and good agricultural practice (GAP). Almond seeds are mostly consumed as nuts; thus, the researchers have focused different analyses on only seeds. However, in Turkey, unripe green almond hulls are also consumed. Therefore, we studied the contents of some bioactive components, pigments, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antimutagenic activities of O, C, and GAP 'Ferradual' (Frd) and 'Ferragnes' (Frg) almond hull extracts. The highest total ascorbic acid content was found in O Frd (2.1mg/g fresh weight [FW]) and GAP Frg (2.0mg/g FW). The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in all the genotypes ranged from 19.2 and 43.9mg/g FW and 3.2 and 20.2mg/g FW, respectively. In general, the antioxidant activity of C Frg and C Frd was low. C Frg had the highest MDA content (8.53 mu mol MDA/g FW), whereas O Frg had the lowest MDA content (0.89 mu mol MDA/g FW). The samples had varying ratios of chlorophyll a and b. The O samples had more total carotenoid content than the C samples. The antibacterial activity was only observed in the O and GAP Frd extracts. The antifungal activity could not be detected in any of the extracts of samples. Varying antimutagenic activity inSalmonella typhimuriumTA 98 strain and content of some phenolics were observed depending on the variety, growing conditions, and dose.Öğe Some Biological Effects of the Fruits and Leaves of Different Apple Cultivars, Including Red-Fleshed Apples, Grown in a Microclimatic Region of Turkey: Part I(Springer, 2020) Erbil, Nurcan; Arslan, Mehmet; Murathan, Zehra Tuğba; İlçim, Ahmet; Sayın Börekçi, BilgeApple is a fruit that is frequently consumed in daily diet and is very useful for human health. In this study, seven apple cultivars grown in Posof district in Ardahan province, including red-fleshed ‘İçi Kırmızı’ and ’Japon apples’ were investigated. ’Japon apple’ was found to have the highest values of total phenolic and ascorbic acid contents. The highest content of chlorophyll a (1.14??g/g) was measured in ‘Mahara apple’, while the highest contents of chlorophyll b and total carotenoids (1.22 and 0.70??g/g, respectively) were also observed in ‘Japon apple’. All the fruits and leaves of the apple cultivars, used in this study exhibited differential antioxidant and antibacterial effects. Except for ‘Şeker apple’, all methanolic leaf extracts exhibited inhibitory effects on Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In addition, the strongest antimicrobial activities were observed in ‘Japon apple’. While none of the doses of aqueous fruit extracts showed antimutagenic activities, different doses of the methanolic leaf extracts of the samples exhibited antimutagenic effects.Öğe Tıbbi Amaçlı Kullanılan Terminalia chebula ve Terminalia citrina Bitkilerinin Kurutulmuş Meyvelerinde Antiradikal, Antibakteriyel ve Mutajenik Aktivite Analizleri(Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi, 2020) Murathan, Zehra Tuğba; Erbil, Nurcan; Arslan, MehmetTerminalia cinsi üyeleri Combretaceae familyasındandırlar. Cinse ait yaklaşık 250 tür bulunmaktadır. Bu türler içerisinde özellikle Terminalia chebula ve Terminalia citrina bazı hastalıkların önlenmesinde geleneksel olarak halk tıbbında kullanılmaktadır. Türkiye’de bu bitkilerin kurutulmuş meyveleri sırasıyla kara ve sarı halile olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, aktarlarda yoğun olarak satılan ve halk tarafından çeşitli amaçlarla kullanılan T. chebula ve T. citrina bitkilerine ait kurutulmuş meyvelerde bazı biyoaktif bileşen içerikleri, antioksidan kapasite, antibakteriyel ve mutajenik aktiviteler analiz edilmiştir. Toplam fenolik madde içerikleri T. citrina’da 108.3, T. chebula’da 226.3 mg GAE/g değerlerinde, toplam flavanoid madde içerikleri ise T. chebula’da 40.7, T. citrina’da 55.9 mg QE/g değerlerinde tespit edilmiştir. Antioksidan aktivite analizleri üç farklı metoda göre (ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl) ve FRAP (Demir iyonu indirgeyici antioksidan güç)) yapılmıştır. Her üç metoda göre de T. chebula örneklerinin T. citrina örneklerine göre daha yüksek antioksidan aktiviteye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. T. citrina ve T. chebula’nın metanol ekstraklarının test bakterilerine karşı oldukça iyi seviyede antibakteriyel etki gösterdiği, her iki ekstrakta karşı ise en duyarlı bakterinin Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii ATCC 6633 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kuru meyve ekstraktlarının farklı dört dozu (12.5, 25, 50 ve 100 µl/plak) mutajenite deneylerinde kullanılmıştır. TA 98 ve TA 100 suşları üzerine her iki örnek ekstraktının en yüksek dozları ile TA 100 suşu üzerinde denenen T. citrina ekstraktının 50 µl/plak dozları sitotoksik olarak tespit edilmiştir. T. chebula ve T. citrina ekstraktlarının Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 suşu üzerine etkisi her iki örneğin 50 µl/plak dozlarında çözücü kontrole göre istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur.
