Yavuz, BaharAksogan Korkmaz, Aydan2026-06-192026-06-1920261759-72691759-7277https://doi.org/10.1080/17597269.2025.2598946https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12899/5621Energy demand in developing countries is primarily met by fossil fuels, which are limited and environmentally harmful, releasing SOx, NOx, and CO2. Renewable alternatives such as biomass are essential for sustainable energy production. This study investigates the production of biochar via pyrolysis of agricultural wastes (pepper, tomato, and eggplant) at 500 degrees C for one hour (heating rate: 10 degrees C/min, N2 flow: 150 ml/min). It evaluates their potential as clean solid fuels. Tomatoes produced the highest char yield (38.33%), whereas eggplant and pepper generated the highest liquid (33.33%) and gas (45%) fractions, respectively, indicating feedstock-dependent product distributions. The resulting biochars exhibited low nitrogen (0.92%) and sulfur (0.06%) contents, high carbon content (66.58%), and high calorific value (25.52 MJ/kg), highlighting their suitability as environmentally friendly energy carriers. These findings demonstrate that agricultural residues can be efficiently converted into biochars with both environmental and energy benefits, providing a promising route for renewable fuel production and sustainable waste valorization. The study emphasizes the potential of biochar as a clean, high-energy solid fuel, helping reduce emissions and advancing circular economy objectives.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessBiochar CharacterizationCarbonization Of Agricultural WasteClean FuelLow-Emission FuelArticle10.1080/17597269.2025.2598946176128913052-s2.0-105024695048Q2WOS:001636316800001Q30000-0002-3309-9719