Eren, Mehmet EsenFenerli, Cenk2026-06-192026-06-1920262076-3417https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010455https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12899/5262This study proposes a field-calibrated, NDT-integrated BIM modeling framework to improve the reliability of post-earthquake assessment for reinforced concrete (RC) buildings. The approach combines destructive and nondestructive testing (NDT) data-including core drilling, Schmidt hammer, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and Windsor probe-through a site-specific WinSonReb regression model. The calibrated material properties (average compressive strength approximate to 18.6 MPa, CoV > 20%) were embedded into a Building Information Modeling (BIM) environment, producing an as-is, NDT-calibrated BIM model representing a Level-2 static digital twin of the structure. Nonlinear static pushover analyses performed in accordance with TBDY-2018 and ASCE 41-17 showed that the calibrated model exhibits a fundamental period of 0.85 s-approximately 18% longer than the uncalibrated BIM model. This elongation increased displacement demand and caused a shift in performance classification: while the uncalibrated model indicated Life Safety (LS), the calibrated model predicted behavior approaching Collapse Prevention (CP) in the Y direction. Furthermore, calibration reversed the predicted damage hierarchy, from ductile beam hinging to brittle column- and wall-controlled failure near elevator openings, consistent with post-event observations from the 2023 Kahramanmara & scedil; earthquakes. These results demonstrate that integrating field-calibrated NDT data into BIM-based seismic models fundamentally alters both strength estimation and failure-mechanism prediction, reducing epistemic uncertainty and providing a more conservative basis for retrofit prioritization. Although demonstrated on a single case study, the proposed workflow offers a realistic and scalable pathway for NDT-supported seismic performance assessment of existing RC buildings.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessBuilding Information ModelingDigital TwinNondestructive TestingDestructive TestingField CalibrationSeismic Performance EvaluationReinforced Concrete StructuresPost-Earthquake AssessmentArticle10.3390/app160104551612-s2.0-105027278593Q1WOS:001658462300001Q2