Gulyuz, Abdulgani2026-06-192026-06-1920251477-51311873-4898https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.07.032https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12899/5802Background Primary monosymptomatic enuresis nocturna (PMNE) is a multifactorial disorder with possible neurological underpinnings. Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly vitamin B12, may affect urinary control mechanisms. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) and serum vitamin B12 levels in children and to evaluate whether vitamin B12 deficiency is a potential risk factor for the development of enuresis. Materials and methods This prospective case-control study included 184 children aged 5-15 years with enuresis and 167 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Participants' age, gender, family history of enuresis and vitamin B12 levels were recorded. Serum B12 levels were categorized as deficiency (<200 pg/mL), borderline deficiency (200-300 pg/mL) and normal (>300 pg/mL). B12 level categories were compared between groups and associated factors were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results In the enuresis group, the prevalence of B12 deficiency was 12.5 %, borderline deficiency 41.3 % and normal levels 46.2 %. In the control group, these rates were 9.6 %, 29.3 % and 61.1 %, respectively (p < 0.05). In multivariate analysis, B12 deficiency (OR: 2.05; 95 % CI: 1.01-4.08; p = 0.049) and family history of enuresis (OR: 8.62; 95 % CI: 4.61-16.13; p < 0.001) were significantly associated with PMNE. Conclusion The data obtained show that vitamin B12 levels are statistically significantly associated with PMNE. This finding supports the integration of vitamin B12 assessment into clinical decision-making for children with enuresis.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessMonosymptomatic Enuresis NocturnaVitamin B12ChildrenVitamin DeficiencyRisk FactorsArticle10.1016/j.jpurol.2025.07.03221615221528408355682-s2.0-105013567215Q2WOS:001641031300001Q2