Efendiyeva, RuchengizAydemir, HaliseKarasu, HakanToygar-Memikoglu, Ufuk2025-10-242025-10-2420140003-32191945-7103https://doi.org/10.2319/072213-534.1https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12899/3760Objective: (1) To determine the effect of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery on pharyngeal airway, hyoid bone, and craniocervical posture in Class III bimaxillary surgery patients. (2) To evaluate short-term and long-term results. (3) To compare short- and long-term values. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six Class III adult patients treated with bimaxillary surgery were included in the study. Cephalometric records were taken before treatment (T1), before surgery (T2), and 5 months (T3), 1.4 years (T4), 3 years (T5), and 5 years (T6) postsurgery. Results: No significant differences were identified in craniocervical angulation between time intervals. There was a significant superior movement of hyoid bone at postsurgery (T3; P < .05); however, adaptation occurred to the normal position in the long term. A nonsignificant decrease occurred at the oropharyngeal middle pharyngeal distance parameter; however, this was compensated with a significant increase between T5 and T6 (P < .001). A significant decrease was observed in the hypopharyngeal Go-P parameter between T3 and T1 (P < .01), but it recovered with a nonsignificant increase in the long term. A significant increase in nasopharyngeal area was observed between T3 and T1 (P < .05). The hypopharyngeal area significantly increased between T5 and T6, and PNS-R significantly increased between T3 and Ti (P < .05). Conclusion: The pharyngeal areas adversely affected after surgery recover at long-term follow-up; thus, adaptation occurs after bimaxillary surgery.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessBimaxillary surgery; Airway; Long-term; Class IIIArticle10.2319/072213-534.1845773781246018942-s2.0-84907007677Q1WOS:000341225800003Q3