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Öğe Invariant convergent and invariant ideal convergent sequence in intuitionistic fuzzy normed space(IOS Press, 2022) Khan, Vakeel A.; Ali Khan, Izhar; Esi, Ayhan; Alam, MasoodThe main purpose of this paper is to introduce invariant convergence in intuitionistic fuzzy normed space. Following which we present some characteristics of this notion with respect to intuitionistic fuzzy norm. We also define strongly invariant convergence, ideal invariant convergence and invariant ideal convergence in intuitionistic fuzzy normed space. After that, we establish the relationship between these notions with respect to intuitionistic fuzzy norm. Lastly, we define ideal invariant Cauchy and invariant ideal Cauchy criteria for sequences in intuitionistic fuzzy normed space and relate it to their convergence notion.Öğe Experimental characterization and theoretical investigation of Zn/Sm co-doped hydroxyapatites(Elsevier, 2022) Hssain, Ala Hamd; Bulut, Niyazi; Ateş, Tankut; Köytepe, Süleyman; Kuruçay, Ali; Kebiroğlu, Hanifi; Kaygılı, ÖmerIn this study, the wet chemical method was used to synthesize Zn-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp) samples, and the effects of varying the amount of Sm addition on structural, thermal, and biocompatibility in vitro properties were studied. In addition, a density functional theory was used for modeling the as-synthesized samples to obtain the theoretical calculation results. XRD results confirmed the formation of biphasic compositions for all samples, and FTIR data supported the formation of the functional groups of hydroxyl and phosphate. More than 98% of samples showed the formation of the HAp phase. The addition of Sm resulted in an increase in the secondary phase of the ?-TCP from 0.60% to 1.49%. The lattice parameters (aandc),unit cell volume (V), lattice strain(?), and lattice stress? varied when Sm was added as a dopant. The crystallite size and crystallinity decreased as the Sm content increased, however, the anisotropic energy density gradually increased. Thermal analysis results confirmed that all samples seemed to be thermally stable. The addition of Sm did not result in any notable morphological modifications. Cell viability values of theZn-based HAp sharply decreased as a result of an increase in the Sm additive. Theoretical studies show that when the amount of Sm in the Zn-based HAp structure increases, the bandgap energy decreases from 4.68 to 4.40eV. An increasing density and decreasing unit cell volume have been observed, as confirmed by the theoretical results. In addition, there was a decrease in crystallinity as well as an increase in anisotropic energy density.Öğe Sol–gel synthesis of TiO2 on Co3O4-coated sporopollenin exine microcapsules (SECs) and photocatalytic performance of new semiconductor heterojunction material(Springer, 2022) Çağlar Yılmaz, Hatice; Ersoy Atalay, Funda; Kaya, Harun; Erdemoğlu, SemaIn this study, a new approach was developed to prepare mesoporous hybrid TiO2/Co3O4 coated on Juglans sporopollenin exine microcapsules (SECs). TiO2 was synthesized on Co3O4-coated SECs used as substrate, by sol–gel method. The obtained semiconductor/semiconductor hetero-junction hybrid materials were characterized with X-ray diffractometry (XRD), UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size distribution, specific surface area, and zeta potential measurements. Photocatalytic performances of hybrid materials were tested for Reactive Black 5 dye under both UV and visible light. Equilibrium pH of the solution containing 10 mg/L Reactive Black 5 dye and 0.1% wt/v TiO2/Co3O4 was around 4.7. After irradiation in the solar box, more than 98% of the Reactive Black 5 was photocatalytically degraded within 60 min.Öğe COVID-19 Detection on Chest X-ray Images with the Proposed Model Using Artificial Intelligence and Classifiers(Springer, 2022) Yıldırım, Muhammed; Eroğlu, Orkun; Eroğlu,Yeşim; Çınar, Ahmet; Cengil, EmineCoronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a serious infectious disease that is spreading rapidly all over the world. Scientists are looking for alternative diagnostic methods to detect and control the disease early. Artifcial intelligence applications are promising in the COVID-19 epidemic. This paper proposes a hybrid approach for diagnosing COVID-19 on chest X-ray images and diferentiation from other viral pneumonia. The model we propose consists of three steps. In the frst step, classifcation was made using the MobilenetV2, Efcientnetb0, and Darknet53 deep models. In the second step, the feature maps of the images in the Chest X-ray data set were extracted separately for each architecture using the MobilenetV2, Efcientnetb0, and Darknet53 architectures. NCA method was preferred to reduce the size of these feature maps obtained. The feature maps obtained after dimension reduction were classifed in the classic machine learning classifers. In the third step, the feature maps obtained from each architecture were combined. After dimension reduction was applied to these combined features by applying the NCA method, this feature map is classifed in the classifers. The model we proposed was tested on two diferent data sets. The accuracy values obtained in these data sets are 99.05 and 97.1%, respectively. The obtained accuracy values show that the model is successful.Öğe Kobalt Katkılı Kalsiyum Manganez Oksit Numunelerin Sentez ve Karakterizasyonu(Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi, 2020) Ateş, Tankut; Köytepe,Süleyman; Kaygılı,ÖmerBu çalışmada, kobalt katkılı kalsiyum manganez oksit numunelerinin faz bileşimleri, kristal yapıları, yüzey morfolojileri ve termal özellikleri karakterize edildi. Co miktarının bu oksit yapı üzerindeki etkileri belirlendi. X-ışını kırınımı (XRD) sonuçları, kalsiyum manganez oksit fazlarının oluşumuna işaret etmektedir. Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi (FTIR) analizleri, her bir numune için peroksit yapısının oluşumunu doğrulamaktadır. Termal analiz sonuçları, üretilen numunelerin termal olarak kararlı olduklarını göstermektedir. Numunelerin taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) gözlemleri ve enerji dağılımlı X-ışını (EDX) analizleri, Co katkısının morfolojiye etki ettiğini ve kalsiyum manganez oksit yapıya nüfuz ettiğini desteklemektedir.Öğe Fe ve Ti katkılı Çift Fazlı Kalsiyum Fosfatların Sentez ve Karakterizasyonu(Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi, 2021) Ateş, Tankut; İnce,Turan; Acar, Serdar; Kaygılı, Ömer; Bulut, Niyazi; Keser,Serhat; Köytepe, SüleymanBu çalışmada, Ti katkısının Fe esaslı çift fazlı kalsiyum fosfat malzemelerinin yapısal, morfolojik ve termal özellikleri üzerine etkileri araştırılmıştır. X-ışını kırınımı (XRD) analizi, üretilen numunelerin hem hidroksiapatit (HAp) hem de beta trikalsiyum fosfat (?-TCP) fazlarına sahip olduğunu doğrulamaktadır. Ayrıca, Ti katkısındaki artışla ?-TCP fazının miktarının arttığı görülmektedir. Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi (FTIR) spektroskopisi sonuçları, numunelerdeki karakteristik fonksiyonel grupların varlığını doğrulamaktadır. Ti miktarı morfolojiyi etkilemektedir. Numunelerin ısıl davranışları birbirine benzerdir ve oda sıcaklığından 1000 °C’ye kadar tüm numuneler termal olarak kararlıdırlar. Bu sıcaklık aralığında numunelerdeki kütle kayıpları % 1,63’e eşit veya altındadır.Öğe Different Plant Sporopollenin Exine Capsules and Their Multifunctional Usage(American Chemical Society, 2022) Atalay, Funda Ersoy; Culum, Ayşe Asiye; Kaya, Harun; Göktürk, Günay; Yiğit, Emelporopollenin exine capsules (SECs) are highly resistant to heat and various acids and bases. They are also cheap, highly porous, eco-friendly polymer biomaterials with stable microencapsulation capacity. Due to their strong and uniquely shaped exine layers, they can allow growth on metal oxide materials, as a biotemplate for use in different applications. In this study, first, a single SEC extraction method was applied to three different pollens from Pinus, Fraxinus excelsior, and Tilia. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) measurements both before and after the extraction process were performed to observe changes in surface area, morphology, porous structure, and degradation properties. The protein content and removal were analyzed by elemental and spectrophotometric analyses. Then, SECs were loaded by passive and centrifuge loading for drug delivery, and the loading capacities were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and spectrophotometry. The method was successful in opening the pores and maintaining the structural integrity of SECs. It was determined that the morphology and porosity affected the encapsulation efficiency. According to the loading capacities, Tilia SECs were the most efficient SECs for both loading methods. In addition, three different SECs were hydrothermally coated with cobalt and then heat-treated to obtain a metal oxide structure. A CO3O4supercapacitor electrode constructed using CO3O4-F. excelsior SEC powder had the best surface area parameters. The electrode showed a maximum specific capacity of 473 F/g for over 3000 continuous cycles of galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD). © 2022 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.Öğe Synthesis of New Bisbenzimidazole Salts and Determination Their Ligand Activities in C-C Coupling Reactions(Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi, 2020) Yılmaz, Ülkü; Küçükbay, HasanNew bisbenzimidazole salts were synthesized with 1,4-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)butane and benzyl halides. These new ligands carried out in Suzuki-Miyaura and Mizoroki-Heck C-C coupling reaction in the presence of palladium(II) acetate. It was observed that remarkable ligand activities of benzimidazolium halides (L1, L2, L3).Öğe Synthesis of New Bisbenzimidazole Salts and Determination Their Ligand Activities in C-C Coupling Reactions(Malatya Turgut Ozal University, 2020) Yılmaz, Ülkü; Küçükbay, HasanNew bisbenzimidazole salts were synthesized with 1,4-bis(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)butane and benzyl halides. These new ligands carried out in Suzuki-Miyaura and Heck-Mizoroki C-C coupling reaction in the presence of palladium(II) acetate. It was observed that remarkable ligand activities of these benzimidazolium halides (L1, L2, L3).Öğe A Study on Chen-like Inequalities for Half Lightlike Submanifolds of a Lorentzian Manifold Endowed with Semi-Symmetric Metric Connection(Malatya Turgut Ozal University, 2020) Poyraz, Nergiz; Doğan, BurçinIn this paper, Chen-like inequalities of a half lightlike submanifolds of a real space form N(c) with constant sectional curvature c, equipped with semi-symmetric metric connection are established and some important characterization theorems for such submanifolds are proved using these inequalities.Öğe Some Inequalities on Half Lightlike Submanifolds of a Lorentzian Manifold with Semi-Symmetric Metric Connection(Malatya Turgut Ozal University, 2021) Poyraz, Nergiz; Doğan, BurçinIn this paper, we introduce some inequalities for screen homothetic half lightlike submanifolds of a real space form of constant sectional curvature , endowed with semi-symmetric metric connection. Using these inequalities, we derive some characterizations for such half lightlike submanifolds. Finally, Chen-Ricci inequalities are calculated. Morever, the equality cases are considered and we get some results.Öğe Farklı Element Katkılı Sodyum Fosfat Camlarının Sentez ve Karakterizasyonu(Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi, 2021) Keser, Serhat; Tatar, Cengiz; Ateş, Tankut; İnce, Turan; Kaygılı, ÖmerBu çalışmada, yaş kimyasal yöntemi ile üretilen Ba ve Li katkılı sodyum fosfat (NaPO3) camları karakterize edildi. Ba katkılı numunelerin tamamının ve en yüksek Li katkısına sahip numunenin amorf yapıya sahip olduğu görüldü. Bunların haricindeki tüm numunelerin kristal yapıya sahip olduğu gözlendi. Fourier dönüşümlü kızılötesi (FTIR) spektroskopisi sonuçları NaPO3 yapısının oluşumunu desteklemektedir. Morfoloji, katkıların türü ve bunların miktarından etkilendi.Öğe Synthesis and characterization of Ag-doped CeO2 powders(Springer Nature, 2021) Ateş, TankutIn this study, the experimental characterization of cerium oxide (CeO2) powders doped with Ag at various amounts of 1, 2, 3, and 4 at.% was done using X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The formation of the single phase of CeO2, having the cubic crystal structure, for all samples was observed. The phase structure was not affected by the as-used Ag contents. The addition of Ag caused an increase in the lattice parameter and a decrease in the crystallinity. In addition to these, non-gradual changes in the crystallite size were observed. The thermal stability for each sample was seen for each sample until 1000 °C. The morphology composed of the microparticles was observed. The magnetization and magnetic susceptibility values were affected by the amount of Ag dopant.Öğe Structural, spectroscopic, dielectric, and magnetic properties of Fe/Cu co-doped hydroxyapatites prepared by a wet-chemical method(Elsevier, 2022) Ercan, İsmail; Kaygılı, Ömer; Kayed, Tarek; Bulut, Niyazi; Tombuloğlu, Hüseyin; İnce, Turan; Al Ahmari, Fatımah; Kebiroğlu, Hanifi; Ateş, Tankut; Almofleh, Atheel; Fırdolaş, Fatih; Köysal, Oğuz; Al-Suhaimi, Ebtesam Abdullah; Ghrib, Taher; Sözeri, Hüseyin; Yıldız, Mesut; Ercan, Filiz; Ateş, TankutIn this study, the effects of Cu and Fe additives on the structural, dielectric, magnetic, thermal and morphology of hydroxyapatite (HAp) samples were investigated and reported in detail for the first time. The prepared systems were also modeled and examined theoretically. It can be said that both additives affect the thermal behavior of the HAp structure. The addition of Cu affected the morphology of submicron-sized particles with spherical-like shapes with a low degree of agglomeration. Diffuse reflection data revealed that the energy band gap values decreased as Cu was added to the Fe-based HAp structure. The dielectric constant (??) had high values at low frequencies in all samples and decreased with increasing frequency. It could be concluded that Fe/Cu incorporation to hydroxyapatites enhanced its thermal, magnetic, and dielectric properties required for mimicking natural HAps to open a successful venue for medical application in the healing regeneration of bone.Öğe Investigation of the effects of Ni-doping on the structural and thermal properties of ZnAl2O4 spinels prepared by wet chemical method(Springer, 2021) Ercan, Filiz; Ateş, Tankut; Kaygılı, Ömer; Bulut, Niyazi; Köytepe, Süleyman; Alahmari, Fatimah; Ercan, İsmail; Hssain, Ala Hamdn this study, a more detailed characterization of the un-doped and Ni-doped ZnAl2O4 spinel structures prepared via a facile wet chemical route was carried out. Significant effects of the additive of Ni on the ZnAl2O4 structure were observed. For all the samples, the ZnO phase was detected as the second phase, and the third phase of NiO was observed for two samples having the highest Ni content. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the crystallinity percent, lattice parameter, and volume of the unit cell decreased continuously with adding of Ni. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra verify the formation of the ZnAl2O4 structure for all the samples. The thermal behaviors, including the recrystallization temperature and mass losses, of the ZnAl2O4 structure, were also affected by the amount of Ni. The morphology varied with adding of Ni. These properties were not reported before.Öğe Ce/Sm co-doped hydroxyapatites: synthesis, characterization, and band structure calculation(Springer, 2020) Kaygılı, Ömer; Vural, Gülay; Keser, Serhat; Yahia, İ.S.; Bulut, Niyazi; Ateş, Tankut; Köytepe, Süleyman; Temüz, Mehmet Mürşit; Ercan, Filiz; İnce, TuranIn this paper, Ce/Sm co-doped hydroxyapatites (HAps) were synthesized by a wet chemical route. The amount of Ce was kept at constant at the value of at.% 0.4, and the second dopant of Sm was used at different amounts of at.% 0, 0.6, 1.2, and 1.8, respectively. The effects of these co-dopants on the crystal structure, morphology, and thermal properties of HAp were determined experimentally using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the band structure of the prepared samples was modeled theoretically using the quantum calculations of the density of states and band structure. A gradual increase from 26.56 to 36.23 nm in the crystallite size was observed. Although the amounts of the co-dopants of Ce and Sm did not affect the thermal stability and microstructure of HAp, its crystal structure-related parameters were affected by the amount of these co-additives. The partial substitution of both co-dopants was detected. The 0.4Ce-1.2Sm-HAp sample may be considered as the best crystal structure with a steady-state. It was seen that the band structure and density of states were also affected by these co-dopants. The bandgap value decreased gradually from 4.6078 to 4.0477 eV due to these dopants.Öğe Synthesis and spectral characterization of new benzimidazolium compounds containing sulfur(Taylor & Francis, 2020) Yılmaz, Ülkü; Küçükkbay, HasanN-heterocyclic carbene (compound b) was synthesized from reaction of 1-(3-phenylpropyl)-3-methylbenzimidazolium iodide (a) and a strong base in an argon atmosphere. Then, 1-(3-phenylpropyl)-3-methylbenzimidazolium-2-carbodithioate (c) was prepared with carbene and CS2. Finally, a group of alkyl 1-(3-phenylpropyl)-3-methylbenzimidazolium-2-carbodithioate halides was synthesized with alkyl halides and compound c, occurring products 1-6. Structural characterization of compounds was performed 1H, and 13C NMR, IR, and MS spectroscopy and elemental analysis.Öğe Rough variation on lacunary quasi Cauchy triple difference sequences(Walter de Gruyter, 2021) Subramanian, Nagarajan; Esi, AyhanIn the present paper, we extend the notion of rough ideal lacunary statistical quasi Cauchy triple difference sequence of order ? using the concept of ideals, which automatically extends the earlier notions of rough convergence and rough statistical convergence. We prove several results associated with this notion.Öğe A study about excellent xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects of new pyridine salts(Springer, 2021) Yılmaz, Ülkü; Noma, Samir Abbas Ali; Taşkın Tok, Tuğba; Şen, Betül; Gök, Yetkin; Aktaş, Aydın; Ateş, Burhan; Aygün, MuhittinA series of pyridine salts were synthesized containing vitamin B3 (niacin), isonicotinonitrile, and non-substituted pyridine fragment from reactions of 1,3-dibromopropane, 1,4-dibromobutane, and 4,4?-bis(chloromethyl)-1,1?-biphenyl reactants with pyridines. The builds of pyridine salts were identified by dint of IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques, and CHN analyses. Therewithal, the build of a compound was assigned via the X-ray single-crystal diffraction method. 1,3-Bis(3-cyanopyridine-1-ium-1-yl)propane dibromide crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Ccce, with half of the cation molecule and one bromide anion in the asymmetric unit. Enzyme inhibitory properties of pyridine compounds were tested on the activities of xanthine oxidase (XO) and determined in the range from 0.394 to 0.623 ?M. All of the compounds inhibited enzyme more effectively than allopurinol that which is a standard drug. In addition, docking calculations were applied to investigate the binding properties and interactions of pyridine salts towards XO.Öğe A Rapid Response Humidity Sensor for Monitoring Human Respiration with TiO2-Based Nanotubes as a Sensing Layer(The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 2020) Atalay, Selçuk; Erdemoğlu, Sema; Kolat, Veli Serkan; İzgi, Tekin; Akgeyik, Emrah; Çağlar Yılmaz, Hatice; Kaya, Harun; Ersoy Atalay, FundaThe use of TiO2-based samples with nanotube (NT) shape for humidity sensing has been investigated. Sample characterization was carried out using x-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. x-Ray diffraction analysis showed that the nanotubes had TiO2, NaO3, and H2Ti2O5 phases. SEM revealed that the NTs had diameters ranging from 20 nm to 200 nm and very different lengths. TiO2-based nanotubes were coated using the drop-casting method onto a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). The synthesis of TiO2-based NTs was performed using a hydrothermal process. Humidity sensing measurements showed that the resonant frequency of TiO2-based NTs deposited onto the QCM was very sensitive to humidity changes. It was also shown that the sensor could be used for respiratory monitoring purposes.
