Bitki Koruma Bölümü Koleksiyonu

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12899/40

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Prevalence, molecular characterization, and variety reactions of Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae on mulberries in Turkey
(AcademicPres, 2022) Oksal, Erçin
urkey is one of noteworthy countries for both fruit genetic resources and amount of fruit production in the world. Mulberry is cultivated throughout Turkey, most commonly in Central, Northeast and Southeast Anatolia. Mulberry has a great market potential thanks to its fresh consumption and usage of processed food products. In June 2019, a disease was observed causing deaths in shoots and branches on mulberry trees in Malatya province of Turkey. The causative agent of the disease was identified as Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae according to morphological characteristics and sequencing of TEF 1-a gene (Accession no. MT362602 and MT362603), ITS (Accession no. MT195554 and MT195555) and LSU (Accession no. MT195552 and MT195553). Based on the concatenated sequences of the ITS, TEF 1-a, and LSU, a phylogenetic tree was built using Bayesian analysis. Reactions of nine mulberry cultivars against the disease ('Ulukale', Ayas/, 'Ichinose', 'Poser', 'Kenmochi', Arapgir', 'San as/, 'Horum' and 'Istanbul') inoculated with Malatya isolate of A! novaehollandiae were evaluated under growth chamber conditions. All-mulberry cultivars artificially inoculated with N. novaehollandiae isolate exhibited severe necrosis symptoms on woody tissues of tested plants. It was confirmed that N. novaehollandiae is a fungal pathogen associated with dieback and canker on mulberry trees in Turkey for the first time. New mulberry plantations could be endangered by this emerging new disease.
Bazı Yabancı Ot ve Kültür Bitkisi Tohumlarının Çimlenmesine Yarpuz (Mentha pulegium L.) Uçucu Yağının Etkileri
(Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi, 2021) Karaman, Yücel; Yaşar, Ayşe; Tursun, Nihat
Lamiaceae (ballıbabagiller) familyasına bağlı tıbbi ve aromatik bitkiler içerisinde yer alan yarpuz (Mentha pulegium L.) uçucu yağ bakımından zengin bir bitkidir. Bu çalışma, yarpuz uçucu yağının bazı yabancı ot ve kültür bitkileri tohumlarının çimlenmesine olan etkisini belirlemek amacıyla 2020 yılında Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü Herboloji laboratuvarında yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, elde edilen uçucu yağın farklı dozlarının (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0 ve 16.0 µl petri-1) 2 adet kültür bitkisi [(Capsicum annuum L.) ve (Triticum aestivum L.)] ve 4 adet yabancı ot [(Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats.), (Amaranthus albus L.), (Avena fatua L.) ve (Sinapis arvensis L.)] tohumunun çimlenmesi üzerine olan biyo-herbisidal etkisi araştırılmıştır. Çalışma sonunda, kullanılan uçucu yağ dozlarının kullanım miktarı arttıkça tohumların çimlenmesinin daha fazla baskılandığı görülmüş ve tüm tohumlarda en yüksek etki (%100) 16 µl petri-1 doz uygulamasında belirlenirken, en düşük etki (%1) ise S. arvensis tohumunda 1 µl petri-1 doz uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Çalışmadaki LD50 ve LD90 değerlerine göre en yüksek doz sırasıyla 3.520 ve 7.857 µl petri-1 olarak T. aestivum’da, en düşük değerler ise 0.004 ve 0.175 µl petri-1 olarak A. palmeri tohumunda görülmüştür. Biber ve sebze alanları içerisinde sorun olan yabancı otlardan A. albus ve A. palmeri tohumlarının çimlenmesini engellemede düşük dozlar etkili olmuştur. Bu sonucun ileriki zamanlarda biyo-herbisit çalışmalarına fayda sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
The population dynamic of honeydew moth [Cryptoblabes gnidiella Mill. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)] in vineyard in Antalya
(2021) Keçeci Mehmet
The present study was conducted to determine some biological criteria such as the first appearance of adults, peak date, and a number of generation for controlling honeydew moth in vineyard in Antalya province, Turkey during 2014 and 2015. In this study, the adult population was determined by pheromone traps and larval population was observed by counting the larvae on the grape clusters. It was determined that the pest adults were first seen in mid-April; however, the population was at very low levels until mid-June. It was demonstrated that the adult population of the pest could generate 4 peaks in June, July, August and September-October. The study results showed that the pest could be important in coastal vineyards. Besides, it has been showed that the effective temperatures sum based on the degree day model that was proposed in the literature could be employed to determine the honeydew moth adult and larval populations in vineyards.
First Detection and Molecular Characterization of Peach latent mosaic viroid in a New Natural Host: Walnut (Juglans regia L.)
(2020) Tuncel, Feyza; Tekkaş, Nazlı; Türk, Gökay; Oksal, Hatice Diğdem; Sipahioğlu, Hikmet Murat
Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) occurs naturally in peach and nectarines worldwide including North and South America, Europe, Asia and Australia with high infection frequencies. Here, our experimental findings revealed for the first time PLMVd infections in walnut (Juglans regia L.) in the world. Twelve walnut leaves, all from symptomless plants, were obtained from a nearby walnut germplasm collection in Malatya (Turkey). Genomic RNAs were extracted using a commercial RNA isolation kit and the complete viroid genome was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay using end to end primer pair. The PCR amplicons of expected size (approx. 0.34-kb DNA fragments) were cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector and transformed into competent Escherichia coli strain JM109. Purified plasmids were sequenced bidirectionally. Of the 12 walnut specimens tested by RT-PCR, 4 were found infected by PLMVd detected in mid-summer of 2018 and in autumn of 2019. Analysis of nucleotide sequence of two walnut isolates (Acces. no: MN857143- MN857144) confirmed the presence of PLMVd and shared 96.6-98.8% similarity (Acces. no: MN857143) and %97-98.8% similarity (Acces. no: MN857144) with peach, nectarine and cherry isolates of the world. By identifying walnut as an alternate host, we confirm that PLMVd potentially may infect other fruit trees cultivated worldwide. Here, we also report molecular features of these two distinct PLMVd-walnut isolates detected in Malatya (Turkey).
In Vitro Efficiency of Some Fungicides Against Neoscytalı̇dı̇um dı̇mı̇dı̇atum (Penz.) Crous and Slippers Causing Sudden Shoot Dry on Apricot Trees
(Turkish Science and Technology Publishing (TURSTEP), 2021) Sür, Aysun Eraslan; Oksal, Erçin
Turkey is known as a top producer and exporter of apricots, both fresh and dried. More than half of Turkey's apricot production is provided by Malatya province. There are many pests and diseases affecting apricots in addition to climatic factors such as frost and hail. Partial shoot drying and sudden drying in apricot orchards have increased in recent years. In this study, it was aimed to determine the chemical control possibilities of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum (Penz.) Crous &Slippers, which is one of the fungal agents that cause partial branch drying and sudden drying in apricot orchards in Malatya province by in vitro studies. For this purpose, Kale 4-C isolate of N. dimidiatum collected from Malatya in a previous study was used. Mycelial growth of N. dimidiatum Kale 4-C isolate in PDA were observed in 0 (control), 0.01, 0.03, 0.1, 1, 3, 10, 30 ve 100 ?g/mL concentrations of Azoxystrobin 250g/L, Trifloxystrobin %50, Tebuconazole %25, Floupyram 200 g/L+Tebuconazole 200 g/L, Cyprodinil+Fludioxonil %37.5+25, %70 Thiophanate-Methyl and 400 g/L Phosphorous acide fungicides applications. As a result of the study, Floupyram 200g/L+Tebuconazole 200g/L ve Cyprodinil+Fludioxonil %37.5+25 fungicides effectively inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungus.
İnsektisitlerin Böcekler Üzerindeki Subletal Etkileri
(Siirt Üniversitesi, 2021) Şahin, Saliha Selma; Keçeci, Mehmet
İnsektisitlerin böcekler üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi genellikle ölüm oranları dikkate alınarak yapılmaktadır. Buise böcek popülasyonlarının insektisitlerden nasıl etkileneceğini ortaya koyan çalışmaların sadece bir bölümünüiçermektedir. Bununla birlikte son yıllarda yapılan çalışmalar ile insektisitlerin böceklere etkisinin daha net ortayakonabilmesinin subletal etkilerinin belirlenmesi ile mümkün olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. İnsektisitlerin böcekleresubletal etkileri, böceklerin gelişimleri, fizyolojileri ve davranışları üzerine olabilmektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, farklıetki mekanizmalarına sahip insektisitlerin, farklı böcek türlerine olan subletal etkileri ele alınmıştır.
Occurrence and Molecular Characterization of Some Economically Relevant Cucurbit Viruses in Malatya, Turkey
(Adem Yavuz Sönmez, 2020) Örs, Fatih; Oksal, Hatice Diğdem; Sipahioğlu, Hikmet Murat
Field surveys were conducted from 2016 to 2017 to detect and determine the prevalence of viruses in the major cucurbit growing areas of Malatya. A total of 162, namely 110 melon, 25 pumpkin and 27 watermelon leaf samples were collected from Arapgir, Arguvan and Battalgazi districts from symptomatic and non-symptomatic cucurbit plants. Using molecular methods, the plant samples were tested against four viruses, including Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV), Watermelon mosaic potyvirus (WMV) and Squash mosaic comovirus (SqMV). Results of RT-PCR tests revealed that none of the samples collected from Arapgir and Arguvan reacted positive against surveyed viruses. However, CMV infection was found in 1 cucumber, ZYMV in 5 pumpkin and WMV in 6 watermelon samples in Battalgazi district. The nucleotide sequences of partial coat protein (CP) genes of ZYMV-Malatya and WMV-Malatya isolates were determined. Nucleotide sequence comparisons revealed 95-100% similarity of ZYMV-Malatya isolate with other isolates of ZYMV reported worldwide with no mutation site on CP gene. However, WMV-Malatya isolate exhibited 94-99% similarity with other WMV sequences reported worldwide consisting a unique mutation site on CP gene sequence. These isolates are recorded to the Gene Bank with the accession numbers MT186266 (Zucchini yellow mosaic virus isolate, Malatya ZYMV1) and MT186267 (Watermelon mosaic virus isolate Malatya WMV1).
Less Known Fruit Specie, Rosa Villosa L.: Phenotypic and Biochemical Content
(Springer, 2021) Kan, Tuncay
In recent years less known fruits such as rose hips increased popularity among consumers due to its higher human health compounds and unique aroma properties. In literature mostly results about rose hips obtained from well-known Rosa species, Rosa canina and Rosa dumalis and report about Rosa villosa is very limited. Thus, this study is aimed to assess some important morphological and biochemical characteristics of thirteen Rosa villosa L. genotypes collected from Gumushane province, located in Northeastern Anatolia region of Turkey and compared with R. canina, R. dumalis and R. pimpinellifolia. Results showed that there were statistically important differences among R. villosa genotypes and also differences between R. villosa and the other Rosa species on most of the morphological and biochemical characteristics. Fruit weight insignificantly differed among genotypes but significantly differed among species. There were statistically significant differences in harvest dates, fruit flesh ratio, total phenolic, total anthocyanin, ascorbic acid and organic acids, specific sugars and antioxidant activity between R. villosa genotypes and also Rosa species. Fruit weight was found between 1.04–1.19?g and harvest dates ranged from 24 August and 18 September among R. villosa genotypes. Fruit flesh ratio varied from 75.15 to 84.22%. Vitamin C, total phenolic and total anthocyanin content of the R. villosa genotypes ranged from 288–391?mg per 100?g fresh weight, 682–827?mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) per 100?g fresh weight and 2.12–2.84?mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent per 100?g fresh fruit, respectively. Antioxidant activity was between 34.11–40.07?mmol Trolox equivalents (TE) per g fresh weight.
First report of Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causing shoot blight, dieback and canker of apricot in Turkey
(Springer, 2020) Oksal, Erçin; Yiğit, Talip; Özer, Niyazi
Turkey is the largest apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) producing country worldwide with almost 17 million trees producing fruits (TUIK 2019). In June 2018, shoot blight, branch dieback and canker symptoms were observed on about 9% apricot trees in the orchards examined in Malatya province (Turkey), which is alone responsible for 15.8% of world production of apricots.
Capsella bursa-pastoris is a key overwintering plant for aphids in the mediterranean region
(Insects, 2021) Satar, Serdar; Kavallieratos, Nickolas G.; Tüfekli, Mustafa; Satar, Gül; Athanassiou, Christos G.; Papanikolaou, Nikos E.; Karacaoğlu, Mehmet; Özdemir, Işıl; Starý, Petr
The reproduction of aphids depends to a great extent on their host plants, an integration that impacts on the successful expansion of overwintering populations. Therefore, a survey was conducted to evaluate the globally distributed Capsella bursa-pastoris as an overwintering host of economically important aphid species, their parasitoids and hyperparasitoids in the southern and western regions of Turkey from November to March in 2006 to 2013. During this survey, 395 samples of C. bursa-pastoris were collected with 25 aphid species recorded. Among aphids that feed on this host, Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Rhopalosiphum padi, Aphis fabae, Aphis craccivora, Lipaphis erysimi, and Brevicoryne brassicae were the most frequently recorded. In total, 10,761 individual parasitoids were identified. Binodoxys angelicae, Aphidius colemani, Aphidius matricariae, Diaeretiella rapae, Ephedrus persicae, and Lysiphlebus confusus were the most abundant aphidiines that emerged from the aphids collected from C. bursa-pastoris. Alloxysta spp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea), Chalcidoidea (unidentified at genus level), and Dendrocerus spp. (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronoidea) were identified as hyperparasitoids on the parasitoids. These findings indicate that C. bursa-pastoris is a key non-agricultural plant that significantly contributes to the overwintering of numerous aphids and their parasitoids, which should be given serious consideration when biological control strategies are de-signed.
Natural phytoplasma infections on fruit, vegetable and weed plants at the same agroecosystem and their molecular properties
(AcademicPres, 2020) Oksal, Hatice Diğdem
The phytoplasma associated diseases are an emerging threat to fruit and vegetable crops leading severe yield losses worldwide. Pear (Pyrus communis L.) trees, with symptoms of severe reddening, dwarfing and shoot proliferation were observed in pear orchards of Malatya province of Turkey. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants grown nearby the symptomatic pear orchard displaying leaf rolling, severe flower sterility and purple leaves were observed at the same agroecosystem. To verify the presence and diversity of phytoplasmas, symptomatic pears and tomatoes were sampled and weeds nearby the symptomatic plants were collected. Total plant DNA was purified from midrib of collected leaves using a commercial kit. The DNA samples were analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using universal primer pairs to amplify 16S rDNA fragments. The phytoplasmas detected in collected samples were differed according to the host. Here we detected and characterized ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma pyri’ belonging to apple proliferation group (subgroup 16SrX-C) from a pear tree, ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii’ belonging to clover proliferation group (subgroup 16SrVI-A) from a weed (Amaranthus retroflexus) and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ belonging to the stolbur phytoplasma group (subgroup 16SrXII-A) from a tomato plant. Direct sequencing of PCR products verified the phytoplasmal nature of the infections. The occurrence of ‘Ca. P. trifolii’ on A. retroflexus is the first report for the world. The irregular presence of the phytoplasmas in fruit and vegetable crops and weeds indicates continuous spread of the phytoplasmas threatening the new crops and new horizons.
Arttırılmış sıcaklık ve karbondioksit seviyelerinin Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (Arsız zaylan)’nın çimlenme ve bitki gelişimi üzerine etkisi
(Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, 2021) Bozdoğan, Olcay; Karaman, Yücel; Tursun, Nihat
Amaç: Bu çalışma, arttırılmış sıcaklık ve karbondioksit seviyelerinin arsız zaylan (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)’nın tohum çimlenmesi ve bitki gelişimi üzerine olan etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntem ve Bulgular: Çalışma 2019 yılında tam otomasyonlu sıcaklık ve karbondioksit uygulama serasında yürütülmüştür. Çimlenme parametreleri olarak; Gmax, T50, T90, GUI75-25, GUI90-10 değerleri, bitki gelişim parametreleri olarak ise bitki uzunluğu, kök uzunluğu, bitki yaş ve kuru ağırlığı, kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığı hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda sıcaklık ve karbondioksit artışının A. artemisiifolia’nın çimlenme gücünü azalttığı, sıcaklık artışının ise çimlenme süresini yüksek oranda düşürdüğü belirlenmiştir. Bitki ve kök uzunluğunda ise sıcaklık ve karbondioksit artışının olumlu etki gösterdiği ancak, bu artışın istatistiksel olarak önemli olmadığı saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, bitki ve kök yaş ve kuru ağırlığında artışların olduğu ve bu artışların istatistiksel olarak önemli olduğu (bitki kuru ağırlığı dışında) belirlenmiştir. Sıcaklık X karbondioksit interaksiyonunda ise bitki gelişim parametrelerindeki artışlarda en iyi etkinin 29 °C X 800 ppm de olduğu saptanmıştır. Genel Yorum: Sıcaklık ve karbondioksit artışı ile bitkinin çimlenme gücünün olumsuz yönde etkilenerek sırasıyla % 48,48 ve % 38.71’lik bir azalma belirlenmiştir. Ancak sıcaklık artışı ile çimlenme süresinin, bitki gelişim parametrelerinin olumlu yönde etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. T50 değerinde % 44.78, T90 değerinde % 50’ lik bir azalmanın olduğu saptanmıştır. Sıcaklık ve karbondioksit artışının bitki uzunluğunu sırasıyla % 18.54 ve % 19.76, kök uzunluğunu % 7.42 ve % 9.83, bitki yaş ağırlığını % 52.20 ve % 47.38, kök yaş ağırlığını % 107.68 ve % 209.53, bitki kuru ağırlığını % 113.34 ve % 50.91 ve Kök kuru ağırlığını % 625.41 ve % 315.80 oranında arttırdığı hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda artan sıcaklık ve karbondioksitin istilacı türlerin yüksek bitki ağırlığı ve hızlı gelişmesini teşvik ettiği ve bunun sonucu olarak da bu bitkilerin istila potansiyelini arttırabileceği ortaya çıkmaktadır.
Molecular identification of phytoplasmas in ornamental pomegranates in Turkey
(Technology Society of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2019) Çağlayan, Kadriye; Gaze, Mona; Kocabağ, Hamide Deniz; Sipahioglu, Hikmet Murat
Abstract Author keywords SciVal Topics Metrics Funding details Abstract Leaves, flowers and shoots of ornamental pomegranates showing yellowing and leaf deformation were collected from symptomatic and non-symptomatic plants between 2015 and 2017 from Hatay, Sanliurfa and Gebze provinces of Turkey. Among the 20 tested pomegranate samples, 10 were positive for phytoplasmas using 16R758f/16R1232r and U5/U3 primers amplifying 16S ribosomal RNA gene. The sequences of 8 strains shared the closest nucleotide identity (99%) with phytoplasmas in group 16SrIX and the remaining 2 strains had 98% identity with the ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (subgroup 16SrXII-A). The present study represents the first evidence of phytoplasma association with yellowing symptoms in ornamental pomegranates in Turkey. © 2019, Technology Society of Basic and Applied Sciences.
Chemical Composition and Herbicidal Activities of Essential Oil from Aerial Parts of Origanum Hybrids Grown in Different Global Climate Scenarios on Seed Germination of Amaranthus palmeri
(Taylor & Francis, 2021) Yaşar, Ayşe; Karaman, Yücel; Gökbulut, İncilay; Tursun, Ayşe Özlem; Tursun, Nihat; Üremiş, İlhan; Arslan, Mehmet
The present study aimed to investigate the changes in the essential oil contents of some Origanum hybrids grown at different carbon dioxide (400 and 800 ppm) levels in a fully automated carbon dioxide greenhouse. The chemical composition of essential oils was analyzed gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS). It was found that, among the Origanum hybrids, there were differences between the essential oil contents of those grown under natural conditions and controlled greenhouse conditions. While an increase in carbon dioxide level significantly increased the thymol and carvacrol components, which are among important monoterpene components, of Origanum syriacum x O. onites and O. syriacum x O. vulgare hybrids, whereas it led to a decrease in O. syriacum x O. majorona hybrid. To determine the effects on germination of Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson seeds under laboratory conditions, the essential oils were used at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 ?l/petri doses. The most effective doses of essential oils for preventing the germination of A. palmeri seed were found to be 2 and 4 ?l/petri. In preventing the germination of seeds, the most effective (100 %) application for all the essential oils was achieved with O. syriacum x O. onites hybrid grown at 800 ppm. These results show that the CO2 increases that may occur as a result of climate change in the next years may lead to changes in the content of essential oils in Origanum hybrids and may have the potential to be used as bio-herbicidal to prevent the germination of A palmeri.
Intraspecific variation in the internal transcribed spacer (Its) region of green peach aphid myzus persicae [(sulzer) (hemiptera: Aphididae)] under elevated atmospheric CO2 pressure
(ALÖKI Applied Ecological Research and Forensic Institute Ltd., 2021) Karacaoğlu, Mehmet
The continuously increasing concentrations of atmospheric CO2 is predicted to affect biological processes at many levels of organisms. Yet, no study exists in the literature attempting to describe that the elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) concentration may cause an evolutionary response on nucleotide sequences of ribosomal DNA of Myzus persicae [(Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae)]. Here, we provide a preliminary study to understand how the insect ribosomal DNA sequences are influenced under the elevated CO2 levels after several generations. Four M. persicae populations were established for 35 days under ambient CO2 (a CO2) (400 ppm), e CO2 (600 ppm), e CO2 (800 ppm) and e CO2 (1000 ppm) at 29ºC in moisture-controlled greenhouse chambers. Intraspecific variation of M. periscae was assessed by the sequencing and analyzing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) under elevated atmospheric CO2 pressure. Based on our results, the phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences differentiated the individuals grown at 800 ppm CO2 level. The alignment of ITS sequences of all specimens revealed several single-nucleotide substitutions on the nucleotide sequence of M. persicae samples grown at 800 ppm CO2 level. Overall results show that the elevated atmospheric CO2 levels could be a powerful evolutionary force than expected on M. persicae reared on eggplants
Non-Target effects of insecticides commonly used against lepidopteran pests on the predator, Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter, 1895) (Hemiptera: Miridae), under greenhouse conditions
(Türkiye Entomoloji Derneği, 2021) Kaya, Hüseyin Yiğit; Keçeci, Mehmet
Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter, 1895) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is the most widely used biological control agent of tomato pests, particularly tomato leafminer. Five treatments, spinetoram, chlorantraniliprole + abamectin, chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam, emamectin benzoate and dimethoate were tested on N. tenuis under greenhouse conditions in summer and autumn of 2018 in Malatya Province, Turkey. After insecticide application, N. tenuis were counted on days 1, 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The non-target effects of insecticides are classified according to IOBC toxicity categories. Spinetoram caused 24 and 52% mortality in summer and autumn experiments, respectively and is compatible with N. tenuis considering mortality in both seasons. Therefore, it is recommended for IPM. Chlorantraniliprole + abamectin was classified as slightly harmful in the summer experiment as it resulted in 45% mortality, however, in autumn conditions, it was resulted in 79% mortality and classified as harmful. This effect seen under cooler conditions should be consider in planning IPM. Chlorantraniliprole + thiamethoxam caused 62 and 63% mortality which was increasing up to the final day of autumn assessment, whereas emamectin benzoate caused high mortality of 86 and 87% in summer and autumn, respectively. Thus, it is concluded that these latter two insecticides are not compatible with N. tenuis.
First report of 'candidatus phytoplasma trifolii' associated with leaf reddening and upright growth in pears (Pyrus communis l.)
(Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2021) Usta, Mustafa; Güller, Abdullah; Sipahioğlu, Hikmet Murat
The natural occurrence of 'Candidatus Phytoplasma trifolii' in pear trees (Pyrus communis Linnaeus) is reported here for the first time. In 2017, a total of thirty-five pear trees, two of them exhibiting leaf rolling along the mid-vein, reddening, bushy appearance, and upright growth symptoms were sampled in different locations in Van province, Turkey. The total deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants. The purified DNA served as a template in nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) assays, performed to amplify 16S rRNA sequences using universal primer pairs (R16mF2/R16mR1 and R16F2n/R16R2). The resulting PCR products were then cloned into a pGEM T-Easy vector and sequenced bidirectionally. The phytoplasma strain, group, and subgroup identity were determined using the in silico restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA-encoding gene sequences profiling with seventeen distinct restriction enzymes. Of the thirty-five pear samples, only two yielded 1 256 bp and 1 258 bp DNA fragments and were designated as Van-Pr3 (Acc. No. MH709141) and Van-Pr4 (Acc. No. MH730561), respectively. Based on the in silico virtual RFLP pattern analysis of the 16S rRNA se-quences, we confirmed the presence of 'Ca. P. trifolii' belonging to the clover proliferation group and both identified phytoplasmas were identical with the similarity coefficient of 1.00 to the reference pattern of 16Sr group VI, subgroup A (Acc. No. AY390261). Here we report that the pear tree is an alternate host of the 'Ca. P. trifolii'.
The influence of temperature variation on life history parameters and thermal performance curves of Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasitoid of the Asian citrus psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae)
(Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America, 2019) McCalla, Kelsey A.; Keçeci, Mehmet; Milosavljevic, Ivan; Ratkowsky, David A.; Hoddle, Mark S.
This study examined the effects of seven constant and fluctuating temperature profiles with corresponding averages of 12 to 38 degrees C on the life history of the Punjab, Pakistan-sourced Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) released in California for biological control of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama. One linear and seven nonlinear regression functions were fit to egg-to-adult development rate data to characterize thermal performance curves. Temperature fluctuations significantly affected both development and longevity of T. radiata. Estimates of degree-days predicted by the linear model were 30% higher for the fluctuating regime than the constant regime. Nonlinear model estimations of theoretical minimum and maximum developmental thresholds were lower for the fluctuating regime when compared to the constant regime. These predictions align with experimental observations. Parasitoids reared under fluctuating profiles at low average temperatures developed faster (15 degrees C) and survived longer (15-20 degrees C) when compared to those reared under constant regimes with corresponding means. In contrast, high average fluctuating temperatures produced parasitoids with an extended developmental period (35 degrees C) and reduced longevity (30-35 degrees C). A meta-analysis of published T. radiata development datasets, together with the results of this study, indicated convergence in degree-days and theoretical minimum developmental thresholds among geographically distinct parasitoid populations. These findings demonstrate the significant effects of temperature on T. radiata life history and have important implications for optimization of mass-rearing and release efforts, improvement of predictions from climate modeling, and comparison of T. radiata population performance across climatic gradients and geographic regions.
Simultaneous production of alpha and beta amylase enzymes using separate gene bearing recombinant vectors in the same Escherichia coli cells
(TÜBİTAK, 2020) Özcan, Dilek; Sipahioǧlu, Hikmet Murat
The present study describes the simultaneous expression of thermostable industrial alpha (alpha) and beta (beta) amylase enzymes that have been used widely in starch industry. Genomic DNA of Bacillus stearothermophilus DSM 22 strain for alpha amylase and, Thermoanaerobacterium (Clostridium) thermosulfurogenes DSM 2229 strain for beta amylase were used as gene sources. Both genes were ligated into pETDuet-1 expression vector separately and resulting recombinant vectors were transformed into Escherichia coli BL21 competent cells by electroporation. The cells were first transformed by pETDuet-1/ alpha Amy recombinant plasmid, then the competent cells carrying this plasmid were prepared for the transformation of pETDuet-1/beta Amy plasmid. Enzymatic activities of bacterial colonies were detected on LB agar staining with iodide. Both enzymes were more produced by IPTG induction in BL21 cells and were purified using Ni-NTA agarose column. SDS-PAGE and western blot analyses showed that the molecular weight of purified alpha and beta amylase to be approximately 60 kDa and 55kDa, respectively. The concentration of the purified alpha and beta amylase were calculated as 4.59 mu g/mL and 3.17 mu g/mL with IPTG as an inducer in LB medium. The present study proposes a novel and efficient method for the production of thermostable alpha and beta amylases at the same E coli cells containing separate engineered plasmid vectors.
Molecular phylogeny based on its sequences of nrDNA of some species belonging to dodder (Cuscuta L.) genus from various ecological sites of Turkey
(Academic Press, 2020) Demir, İbrahim; Kaya, İlhan; Usta, Mustafa; Sipahioǧlu, Hikmet Murat
Nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) sequence data of the Cuscuta genus, which have been considered as one of the most popular sequences for phylogenetic inference in plants, have been studied from a phylogenetic perspective in agricultural and non-agricultural lands of Turkey. The samples of Cuscuta spp. were collected from different geographical regions of Turkey between the years of 2013–2015. Some other species, not available locally, were taken from the herbarium samples of some research units. In order to study the phylogenetic relations of collected species, DNA isolations were made from body tissue samples. Conserved regions on ribosomal DNA (rDNA) were amplified by universal primers via PCR method and cloned into a proper cloning vector. The cloned DNA fragments were sequenced and analysed by web-based and computer programs. DNA sequences of certain species were recorded to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Based on the morphological examination and molecular analyses of fresh and the herbarium specimen, 8 species were identified. The identified species were C. hyalina (Gene bank accession no. KY020420), C. monogyna (KY020421), C. europaea (KY020422), C. palaestina (KY020423), C. approximata (KY020424), C. kurdica (KY020427), C. kotschyana (KY020430) and C. babylonica (KY020431). The ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) region contains several indels in identified Cuscuta species with the length varying from 668 to 730 bp. Sequence divergence ranges from 1.00% to 8.00% within Cuscuta spp. Based on our findings, the ITS sequences provided phylogenetically informative results in combination with the secondary structures.

Güncel Gönderiler