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    Research on articulation problems of Turkish children who have Down syndrome at age 3 to 12
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH info@degruyter.com, 2017) Ongun, Mehmet; Gumus, Nebi Mustafa; Unsal, Selim; Yildirim, Ali; Yüksel, Sevda; Yüksel, Mustafa T.; Gunduz, Mehmet
    Articulation is a process that allows air to pass through vocal cords and then form words and syllables using the tongue, teeth, mentum and palatine tonsils. A person who has pronunciation problems produces, syllables or words inaccurately so; the auditoria have got difficulty to understand what did say, such that the listener has difficulty in understanding what is being said. Due to being genetically different the Down syndrome individual has difficulty with speech due to structural defects in the mouth and problems with the mouth-tongue muscles. Here the determination of the articulation (pronunciation) problems and the probable causes of the determined problems have been studied. This study involved children without hearing loss problems; 17 females and 23 males who have Down syndrome and were ages between 3 and 12 years. The Ankara articulation test (AAT) was applied to the individuals. The articulation (pronunciation) ages have been determined according to the ATT. By the detailed assessment of the ATT, it was determined which voices were uttered correctly or not. Through a family interview survey, the information that affected the development of the Down syndrome child's speech and academic development was obtained. Through a patient identification survey, the education and health information that may effect the speech development were obtained. Through an oral motor assessment survey, the information regarding the competence of oral motor skills that may effect articulation problems were collected. The data were analyzed. Using a family survey, child identification survey and an oral motor assessment survey the correlation between articulation age and articulation defects were viewed. It has been detected that the articulation age of Down syndrome children between 3 and 12 years of age are quite a bit lower when compared to the chronological age according to the ATT. Moreover, in terms of results from the ATT, children with Down syndrome whose cronological age is 8 years 7 months have a 3 year 5 months' articulation age according to the ATT. They have some difficulties with Turkish vowels such as (/a/, /e/, /l/, /i/). Also they have some difficulties with consonants such as (/r/, /j/, /z/, /ş/, /z/, /l/, /s/, /n/). Articulation defects at various levels have been detected for all Down syndrome children. Articulation (pronunciation) problems were encountered less in children from highly educated and more concerned families. It has been shown that articulation (pronunciation) problems are less children who receive early treatment, therapy and education services. Significant correlation between the level of articulation usage by individuals and frequency of the articulation problem were detected. For this reason, attaching importance to oral motor studies are considered. Raising parental awareness is required on prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome. By treating the problems of the speech organs at an early age and including the children who have Down syndrome into the early education programs around 0-3 years and accurate intervention during critical periods, the articulation problems can be reduced. Using a wider age range and having more participants, it is considered that more efficient results may be obtained. © 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
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    Research on the relationship between articulation levels and social skills of Turkish children between the ages of 4 and 5 years
    (Walter de Gruyter GmbH info@degruyter.com, 2017) Gumus, Nebi Mustafa; Eryilmaz, Sevil; Unsal, Selim; Yildirim, Ali; Yüksel, Sevda; Yüksel, Mustafa T.; Gunduz, Mehmet
    This study aims to investigate whether there is a relationship between articulation levels and social skills of normally developing children at the ages of 4 and 5 years and to determine whether articulation levels and social skills are differentiated with regard to variable factors. A relational screening model was used in this study. Eighty-seven boys and 73 girls (160 children in total) who were educated at four preschools were selected according to simple random sampling in Kütahya province, Turkey. The mean age of the children was 4.6 years. The Ankara Articulation Test (AAT) was used to specify the articulation levels of children and the Preschool Social Skills Rating Scale [PSSRS, Okul Öncesi Sosyal Beceri De?erlendirme Ölçe?i (OSBED)] was used to evaluate the social skills of the children. The results of the study revealed that the articulation mistakes decrease and social skills increase as the age of children rises. It was found that girls had better results in both social skills and articulation levels than boys. Analysis of the socio-economic statuses of the children showed no significant differences between articulation levels and social skills. Correlation analysis showed that children with articulation disorders have lower social skills rankings than children without articulation disorders, and speech is one of the factors that affect social skills ranking. This study is important because of its observations about speech, communication, and social skills in children, as well as for raising awareness among parents and teachers of preschool children. © 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
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    The effect of different turkish song compositions on the sympathic and immunobiochemical parameters
    (Nobelmedicus Inkilap Mah. Akcakoca Sok. No: 10 Umraniye Istanbul 34768, 2015) Yüksel, Sevda; Kazancı, Fatmanur Hacıevliyagil; Çiftçi, Sefa; Altan, Merve; Yüksel, Mustafa T.; Erdamar, Hüsamettin; Yiğitoğlu, Ramazan
    Objective: Turkey is a rich country in musical heritage. Studies on the use of music for therapeutic purposes are increasing day by day. The Greek philosophers were convinced that music benefited health and specific recommendations were formulated for using music therapeutically against mental and physical illness. To evaluate the effects of different classical Turkish music styles (Saba, Muhayyer Kurdi, Hijaz, Ussak) on these parameters. Therefore we planned this research to accomplish all of these aims. Material and Method: Venous blood samples were collected before and after music listening and serum levels of serotonin, adrenalin, immunoglobulin A and cortisol were measured. Sixtyone healthy volunteers listened five different kinds of music (popular, rock, arabesque, European classical, classical Turkish music). Results: To compare the same parameters in each volunteer before and after music listening, the Wilcoxon signed-ranks were performed as appropriate. For tests of significance, a p-value of <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. All parameters were normally distributed. Conclusion: Our Statistical analysis results showed that cortisol level of the people listening Saba style decreased, Immunoglobulin A level decreased for the people who listened popular music and increased for the group listening Nihavent style and adrenaline level increased significantly in all groups except for the people listening Ussak style of music. © 2016 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.