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    Evaluation of Earthquake Survivors of the February 6 Turkey Earthquakes: The Mediating Role of Hopelessness in the Relationship Between Psychological Resilience and Posttraumatic Embitterment Symptoms
    (Korean Neuropsychiatric Assoc, 2026) Akan, Mustafa; Unal, Suheyla; Inceoglu, Feyza
    Objective Following the February 6 earthquakes, survivors faced intense psychological distress, including feelings of disappointment, perceived injustice, and anger-leading to adverse effects on their well-being. Although earthquakes are not human-induced, the abundance of human errors further exacerbated the situation. These outcomes may have triggered symptoms of Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder (PTED) among survivors. The present study examined the mediating role of hopelessness in the relationship between this resilience and PTED symptoms among individuals who experienced the February 6 earthquakes. Methods This cross-sectional online study was conducted in Malatya, one of the severely affected regions, between July 20, 2023 and January 20, 2024. Participants completed the PTED Scale, the Psychological Resilience Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, and a sociodemographic form through an online survey. The data obtained were analyzed, and structural equation modeling was performed. Results The final sample included 801 participants (mean age=37.82 +/- 11.03 years), of whom 48.6% (n=389) exhibited PTED symptoms. Hopelessness was found to mediate the relationship between psychological resilience and embitterment. Together, psychological resilience and hopelessness accounted for 43.7% of the variance in embitterment (R2=0.437). Conclusion PTED should be considered among the psychological outcomes of earthquakes. The findings highlight the therapeutic potential of hope-based interventions for PTED and underscore the importance of preventive measures targeting vulnerable populations in disaster-affected regions. Our findings can guide health authorities in structuring post-disaster mental health services and assist in developing health policies in this regard. Psychiatry Investig 2026;23(4):548-555
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    Self-Construal and Conflict Resolution Styles in Relation to Marital Satisfaction and Adjustment: A Structural Equation Model From Türkiye
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2026) Akan, Mustafa; Unal, Suheyla; Inceoglu, Feyza
    This study investigates how self-construals (autonomy, relatedness, and autonomous-relatedness) and conflict resolution styles predict marital satisfaction and adjustment in a Turkish sample using structural equation modeling (SEM). A total of 1,037 married individuals (68.8% women) participated in the study. Results revealed that self-construals significantly associated with conflict resolution styles, which in turn were associated with marital outcomes. Specifically, autonomous-related self-construal was associated with increased use of constructive conflict strategies and decreased use of destructive or passive strategies (e.g., withdrawal, submission). These patterns were consistent across gender, though effect sizes varied. Notably, passive strategies such as withdrawal (in men) and submission (in women) were significantly negatively associated with marital adjustment and satisfaction. Conversely, constructive conflict resolution styles and autonomous-related self-construal have been found to be positively associated with marital quality. The model accounted for 75.9% of the variance in marital satisfaction for women and 73.2% for men. The findings support the notion that culturally grounded self-construals shape interpersonal behavior in intimate relationships and highlight the adaptive value of autonomous-relatedness in collectivistic-modernizing societies. These results have practical implications for culturally sensitive couple interventions. Future research should explore these dynamics using dyadic and longitudinal data to clarify causal pathways.
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    The effect of Ramadan fasting on mental health and some hormonal levels in healthy males
    (Springer, 2023) Akan, Mustafa; Unal, Suheyla; Gonenir Erbay, Lale; Taskapan, Mehmet Cagatay
    BackgroundMillions of Muslims around the world fast during the holy month of Ramadan as a requirement of their religion Islam. Studies have reported varying effects of Ramadan fasting on mental health and various hormones. This study aimed to examine the effects of Ramadan fasting on mental health and plasma Leptin, Ghrelin, Neuropeptide Y (NPY), Growth Hormone levels in healthy individuals, and to evaluate the possible relationship between their hormone values and scale scores. Male healthcare professionals working at a university hospital without any psychiatric disease were included in the study. In the last week before Ramadan and in the first week after Ramadan, participants' blood samples were taken at 8.00 in the morning after 12 h of fasting, taking into account the release pattern and pulsatile release of these hormones in order to measure plasma Leptin, Ghrelin, NPY and Growth Hormone levels. Simultaneously, a sociodemographic data form, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and the Scale of Dimensions of Interpersonal Relationships were applied to participants.ResultsThe sample of the study included a total of 40 healthcare professionals. Participants' BSI interpersonal sensitivity and phobic anxiety subscales scores and their general severity and positive symptom distress index scores decreased significantly after Ramadan compared to those measured before Ramadan. (p < 0.001, p = 0.020, p = 0.042, p = 0.006 respectively). Also participants' ghrelin levels increased significantly after Ramadan compared to those measured before Ramadan (p < 0.001).ConclusionsThe effects of Ramadan fasting on mental health may be mediated by some psychoneuroendocrine mechanisms. In order to elucidate these mechanisms that mediate the effect of Ramadan fasting on mental health, there is a need for better-structured studies with larger samples and more variables.