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    CRP, HbA1c, lipid, and biochemical parameters and their relation with maternal visceral adipose tissue and subcutaneous fat tissue thickness
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2016) Duran, Muzeyyen; Kosus, Aydin; Kosus, Nermin; Turhan, Nilgun
    Background/aim: The aim of this study was to find whether maternal visceral tissue (VAT) or subcutaneous fat tissue (SCFT) thicknesses are associated with CRP, HbA1c, lipid, and biochemical parameters in the first trimester of pregnancy. Materials and methods: Ninety pregnant women were enrolled. Body mass index (BMI), VAT, and SCFT were measured. The best cutoff points for grouping subjects were found to be 4 cm for VAT and 2 cm for SCFT. Venous blood samples were collected. Results: VAT was higher than 4 cm in all cases with high BMIs. High CRP and HbA1c were found in 45.5% and 18.2% of cases with VAT over 4 cm, respectively. Conclusion: Besides overall obesity, VAT thickness is the most important parameter. Decreasing obesity may prevent pathologies caused by inflammation during pregnancy as well as decrease the risk for future metabolic and cardiovascular disorders.
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    Do the first, second and third trimester maternal serum hepcidin concentrations clarify obstetric complications?
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Simavli, Serap; Derbent, Aysel Uysal; Keskin, Esra Aktepe; Gumus, Ilknur Inegol; Uysal, Sema; Turhan, Nilgun
    Objective: To evaluate whether first, second, and third-trimester maternal serum hepcidin levels are different in pregnancies with and without adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). Methods: A 165 nullipar pregnant women were included in this prospective cohort study. Serum hepcidin, ferritin, IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP) and Hb values were measured at 11-14, 24-28, and 30-34 weeks of gestation. The relation between these parameters and APO and neonatal outcomes were investigated. Preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, preeclampsia, gestational hypertension and placental abruption were determined as adverse pregnancy outcomes. Results: The risk of APO was three times higher in women with high IL-6 levels in the second trimester. High hepcidin levels in the second trimester were associated with a 1.6 times increased risk of APO. Newborns of women with high IL-6 levels in the third trimester had a 1.6-fold increased risk of neonatal complications. High ferritin levels in the third trimester were associated with minimally increased risk of neonatal complications. Conclusions: Mean serum hepcidin levels were similar in all pregnant women, however, elevated second trimester serum hepcidin and IL-6 levels were associated with a higher risk of APO and high third trimester hepcidin, ferritin and IL-6 levels were associated with higher risk of neonatal complications.
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    Does vitamin E prevent tubal damage caused by smoking? A light microscopy and animal study
    (Elsevier Science Bv, 2014) Duran, Muzeyyen; Ustunyurt, Emin; Kosus, Aydin; Kosus, Nermin; Turhan, Nilgun; Hizli, Deniz; Sarac, Gulce Naz
    Objective: To assess the histomorphological effects of smoking on the cilia of fallopian tubes in mice and the effect of vitamin E on the negative effects of smoke. Study design: Eighteen 12-14 week-old Swiss albino type female mice were randomly divided into three groups, each consisting of six mice: Group A: control group; Group B: mice exposed to cigarette smoke; Group C: mice exposed to cigarette smoke together with vitamin E. Groups B and C were exposed to cigarette smoke for 10 weeks. After 10 weeks, tubal excision was performed in all animals. Histopathologic examination of excised tubal tissue was conducted under light microscopy. Results: The number of cilia was significantly lower in Group B. Although not statistically significant, the median number of cilia in Group C was measured to be higher than in Group B but lower than in Group A. Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that smoking decreases tubal cilia numbers. Supplementation by vitamin E may treat or at least help to slow down the decrease in number of cilia caused by smoking; therefore it could be used therapeutically in the treatment of smoking-related tubal damage. Crown Copyright (C) 2014 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Effect of combined oral contraceptive use on serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and ultrasound parameters in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Kalem, Mueberra Namli; Hizli, Deniz; Kamalak, Zeynep; Kosus, Aydin; Kosus, Nermin; Turhan, Nilgun; Kafali, Hasan
    Purpose: To investigate if there is an effect of combined oral contraceptive (COC) use on serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: PCOS was defined by the 2003 Rotterdam criteria. All patients with PCOS were treated with a COC containing 0.035 mg ethinylestradiol and 2 mg cyproterone acetate for 6 months. Serum 25(OH)D levels, HOMA-IR, ovarian volume and antral follicule count were measured before and after the treatment. Results: The median 25(OH)D levels were 9.40 (range 4.40-24.50) mu g/l and 7.00 (5.00-13.50) mu g/l before and after COC use, respectively. Serum 25(OH)D levels decreased after the treatment; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.055). Conclusion: This study seems to be the first prospective trial revealing the effect of COC use on serum 25(OH)D levels in women with PCOS. Although the decrease in serum 25(OH)D levels in patients with PCOS with the use of COC alone, did not reach to statistically significance level after 6 months treatment with COC.
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    Prohepcidin in maternal circulation: is it related to spontaneous preterm labor?
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2014) Onaran, Yuksel; Aktepe Keskin, Esra; Iltemir Duvan, Zehra Candan; Simavli, Serap Aynur; Koca, Cemile; Kafali, Hasan; Turhan, Nilgun
    Background/aim: To investigate whether spontaneous preterm labor (PTL) with intact membranes is associated with changes in maternal serum prohepcidin concentrations. Materials and methods: The study consisted of patients with spontaneous PTL with intact membranes (n = 25), a control group of healthy pregnant women between the 24th and 37th gestational weeks (n = 22), and uncomplicated term pregnancies in spontaneous labor (n = 19). Blood samples were collected from patients at the time of clinical diagnosis. Levels of prohepcidin, hemoglobin, serum ferritin, serum iron, unsaturated iron binding capacity, total iron binding capacity, transferrin and transferrin saturation, C reactive protein, and interleukin-6 were measured. Results: Patients with spontaneous PTL had significantly lower maternal serum prohepcidin concentrations than term delivery and control subjects. Conclusion: Maternal serum prohepcidin concentration is lower in patients with spontaneous PTL compared to term delivery and control subjects. This suggests that measuring maternal serum prohepcidin concentrations in PTL may be a feasible method for understanding etiologic causes of spontaneous preterm delivery, but, before suggesting this as a course of action, low levels of prohepcidin in patients with PTL need to be more fully investigated.
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    Relation between abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue thickness and inflammatory markers during pregnancy
    (Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2014) Kosus, Nermin; Kosus, Aydin; Turhan, Nilgun
    Introduction: Subcutaneous abdominal fat thickness (SCFT) is important for predisposition to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Our aim was to evaluate maternal SCFT and metabolic changes (such as insulin resistance and high inflammatory markers) during pregnancy. Material and methods: A total of 92 pregnant women between 24-28 weeks of gestation were enrolled in the study. The SCFT was measured by ultrasonography and patients were divided into 2 groups according to thickness of maternal SCFT and body mass index (BMI). Groups were compared with each other for oral glucose loading test (OGL) results, and for haematological, biochemical and fetal biometric parameters. Results: After analysis of frequency for SCFT, the most appropriate cut-off value for grouping patients was found to be 15 mm for SCFT. In 48 cases SCFT was over 15 mm. High C reactive protein (CRP) was found in 47.9% (23) of cases with SCFT over 15 mm. Serum haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) level was significantly correlated with SCFT thickness. The most important factors for determination of OGL level were found to be serum HbA(1c) level, BMI and SCFT In obese subjects (BMI >= 25 kg/m(2)), levels of inflammatory markers and SCFT thickness were higher. The CRP and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels were significantly correlated with BMI and SCFT. Conclusions: High SCFT during pregnancy is associated with elevated inflammatory marker levels and HbA(1c). Pregnant women with thicker SCFT may be susceptible to the development of metabolic complications of pregnancy, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertension, as well as risk of future metabolic and cardiovascular disease.