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    Evaluation of carbon dynamics of calcareous soils amended with biochar under the application of low-voltage electrical charge
    (Range Management Society of India (RMSI), 2021) Sakin, Erdal; Yanardağ, İbrahim Halil
    Among the important health parameters in soil, soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial respiration (CO2 ), water-soluble carbon (WSC) are the most affected parameters by environmental conditions. In this study, we investigated the effect of low-voltage electrical charged soil (VEC: 0mV-3.5mV-7.5mV ) with biochar (BC) application on calcic Vertisol soil in terms of soil health parameters under laboratory conditions. At the end, 37-week measurement, the highest amount of soil CO2-C emission was seen with a low-voltage electrical charged application of BC+7.5mV (12.89 mg CO2-C kg-1 soil week-1), while the lowest amount was seen with the application of BC+0mV (1.31 mg CO2-C kg-1 soil week-1). The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum that displayed different functional group activities with all the application and the highest increases were observed in the alkyne (C-Br) (547 cm-1) and alkenes (=C-H) (964 cm-1) groups with BC application, while the lowest increases were seen with BC+7.5mV application. Examining the thermogravimetric (TGA) results, the smallest mass loss was observed with the BC+7.5mV application (24.98%), while the highest was with BC+3.5mV (21.41%). The highest breakdown in differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) was observed in BC-applied soil in the volatile C group [(EXO 1 (30-200 °C)]. Especially in EXO 3 (385-475 °C), a high level of breakdown occurred, which was an indication of recalcitrant carbon groups. This study indicated that low-voltage electrical pulse was inappropriate for evaluation of soil C dynamics including SOC, WSC, MBC, and basal soil respiration. © 2021, Range Management Society of India.
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    Unseen threat: The devastating impact of microplastics on soil health in agricultural lands
    (Elsevier, 2025) Sakin, Erdal; Dilekoglu, Mehmet Fatih; Yanardag, Ibrahim Halil
    Microplastic pollution, originating from synthetic polymer materials, is a growing environmental threat with substantial implications for soil health and ecosystem functionality. This study investigates the accumulation and impacts of microplastics from plastic greenhouse covers on agricultural soils. Soil samples were collected from five greenhouses established 10 to 30 years ago, at a depth of 0-30 cm, to evaluate microplastic contamination levels and their impact on soil parameters. Microplastics were extracted using density separation with a saturated NaCl solution, followed by microscopic analysis for quantification. Enzyme activities, including beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucoaminidase, urease, dehydrogenase (DHG), and catalase, were measured using spectrophotometric and colorimetric assays. Microplastic concentrations ranged from 47 to 315 particles per 5 g of soil, with a progressive increase in concentration linked to the age of the greenhouses. Results revealed significant alterations in soil pH, which ranged from 7.58 to 8.04, and electrical conductivity (EC), varying between 192 and 616 mu S cm(-1). Organic carbon (0.68-0.59 %) and total nitrogen (0.07-0.03 %) contents decreased in soils with increasing microplastic concentrations, while microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and nitrogen (Nmic) decreased by 43.75 % and 46.59 %, respectively. Enzyme activities such as beta-glucosidase, beta-galactosidase, and beta-glucosaminidase declined by up to 51.17 %, 30.90 %, and 28.31 %, respectively. Additionally, soil respiration (CO2-C emissions) increased by 73.91 % (0.19 to 0.33 mg CO2-C kg(-1) soil h(-1)), and the metabolic quotient (qCO(2)) rose by 239.82 % (1.41 to 4.82 mg CO2-C g(-1) Cmic h(-1)). Regression analyses demonstrate strong correlations between microplastic concentrations and soil property changes, with a one-unit increase in microplastic concentration leading to significant decreases in enzyme activities (p < 0.05). Additionally, long-term microplastic accumulation altered soil structure, increasing porosity and aggregate instability, which compounded the reduction in enzyme activities. These findings underscore the profound negative effects of microplastic pollution on soil ecosystems, emphasizing the urgent need for sustainable agricultural practices and effective waste management strategies to mitigate microplastic contamination and its detrimental impact on soil health and functionality.