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    Correlation of Neuroanatomical Structures Related to Speech in Cerebral Palsy Patients Aged 0-17: A Retrospective MRI Study
    (Mdpi, 2025) Berk, Erhan; Uzumcuoglu, Rumeysa; Inceoglu, Feyza; Aydin, Merve; Arpaci, Muhammed Furkan; Sigirci, Ahmet; Pekmez, Hidir
    Background/Objectives: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a non-progressive clinical condition characterized by secondary issues, including speech impairments. Our study aims to evaluate the volumes of brain areas related to speech in patients diagnosed with CP between the ages of 0-17. Methods: this study includes the images of 84 children: 42 in the control group who applied to the hospital between the specified dates and were reported as healthy by MRI from the patient records, and 42 patients with CP. Results: in the CP group, white and gray matter, cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, lobus frontalis, lobus temporalis, lobus parietalis, lobus insularis, gyrus cinguli, and nuclei basales volumes were observed to decrease statistically significantly compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: we found a significant decrease in the volumes of speech-related brain areas in CP patients, indicating that CP can significantly impact the brain's speech-related regions.
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    Correlation of the radial inclination angle in the distal part of the radius with the volar cortical angle and age-related changes of these angles
    (Military Medical Acad-Ini, 2023) Yazibasi, Husniye Tugba; Pekmez, Hidir; Agir, Ismail; Uckardes, Fatih; Zencirci, Busra; Aydin, Merve
    Background/ Aim. The radial inclination (RI) and volar cortical (VC) angle values used in the treatment of radial distal end fractures may vary depending on factors such as the age and gender of the patient. That raises the question of the compatibility of the standard anatomical plates, which are frequently used in the surgical treatment of these fractures. The aim of the study was to evaluate the VC and RI angles depending on the age and gender of subjects and determine the correlation between these two angles. Methods. A total of 121 individuals (59 females and 62 males) aged 10-65 years were included in the study. The individuals were divided into two groups: a group of 60 adolescents (31 females, 29 males) 10- 20 years old and a group of 61 adults (28 females, 33 males) aged 20-65 years. The subjects were also evaluated between themselves, independently, within each age group. Radiographic images were evaluated by using the 3.0.1.55 version of the KarPacsViewer application. Measurement points were determined, and angles between these points were measured. Statistical analyses were made using the SPSS 15.0 program. Results. When the correlation for 121 individuals was assessed independently of their gender, no statistically significant relationship was found between the RI angle and age (p = 0.616; r = -0.046). A statistically negative (or opposite) relationship was found between the VC angle and age (p < 0.001; r = -0.396). When women and men were compared in terms of the RI and VC angles, no statistically significant difference was found (p = 0.958, p = 0.165, respectively). The VC angle decreased as the age increased in females (p = 0.004; r = -0.365), while both the RI and VC angles decreased with increasing age in males (p = 0.032, r = -0.273; p < 0.0001, r = -0.445, respectively). Conclusion. Our findings regarding the RI and VC angles offer an advantage in terms of determining which plate designs are most appropriate for planning surgical procedures and treatment processes.
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    Investigation of the Effects of Light, Darkness, and Dim Light on Rat Brain Tissue: A Biochemical and Histological Study
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2025) Pekmez, Hidir; Raika Kiran, Tugba; Tecellioglu, Fahriye Seccommail; Inceoglu, Feyza; Aydin, Merve; Zayman, Emrah; Canpolat, Sinan
    This study evaluates acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity levels, oxidative stress parameters, histopathological findings, and serum melatonin levels in rat brain tissue. 32 male Wistar Albino rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control, Light, Dark, Dim light (n = 8 each group). After a 30 day experiment, brain tissues were collected to measure AChE, glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and conduct histopathological analyses. Serum melatonin levels were also measured. In this study, we observed a significant increase in MDA levels in dim light, dark, and light groups. AChE and alpha-GST enzyme activity levels were significantly decreased in the dark group compared with the other groups. Additionally, there was a statistical difference in melatonin levels between the light and dark groups. In the light microscope examination of the sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin from the dark group brain tissue, mild perineuronal edema was observed in all areas. Our study is the first to compare the effects of three groups on the brain: continuous light, continuous darkness, and dim light at night. Additionally, it is the only study to examine the effects of light exposure differences on the brain AChE levels.
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    Investigation of the effects of pinealectomy on acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity and oxidative stress in rat brain
    (Springer Japan Kk, 2025) Pekmez, Hidir; Ozkaya, Ahmet; Uckun, Mirac; Zayman, Emrah; Aydin, Merve; Canpolat, Sinan; Gul, Mehmet
    The pineal gland releases melatonin to regulate our body's circadian rhythm based on light and dark cycles. The pinealectomy (PINX) model is an experimental approach employed to investigate the potential impact of melatonin on various tissues and pathologies. In this study, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity levels, oxidative stress parameters, histopathological findings, and serum melatonin levels in rat brain tissue were evaluated following pinealectomy. 24 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into groups: control, Sham-Pinealectomy (SHAM), and PINX. Brain tissue samples were taken at the end of a 50-day experimental period to determine the parameters of AChE, glutathione s-transferase (GST), carboxylesterase (Ces) enzyme activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) levels spectrophotometrically. Moreover, serum melatonin levels were measured, and tissues underwent standard histological analysis to determine the histopathological damage score. In this study, we found that the PINX group had decreased AChE and Ces enzyme activity, increased MDA, decreased GSH levels, and no change in GST enzyme activity. A relative decrease in serum melatonin levels was also observed in the PINX group. In the light microscopic examination of the brain tissue of pinealectomy rats, it was observed that the eosinophilic staining intensity increased, heterochromatic/pycnotic-looking neuron nuclei were prominent in the cortex layers and hippocampus, and perineural edematous areas were abundant. Excessive perineuronal edema, cytoplasmic eosinophilia, and heterochromatic/pycnotic nuclei were found based on the histopathological damage score. After pinealectomy, we observed an increase in oxidative stress and a decrease in AChE levels in the brain.
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    Investigation of the effects of pomegranate juice against toxicity in the testes in lead-administered rats
    (Soc Anatomica Espanola, 2024) Pekmez, Hidir; Annac, Ebru; Bulmus, Ozgur; Uzun, Gokce Bagci; Aydin, Merve; Aydin, Ali
    Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal that can damage various organs, tissues, and systems. Antioxidants are used to prevent or reduce the negative effects of heavy metals. Pomegranate juice (PJ) is one the antioxidants that alleviate the harmful effects of heavy metals. In this study, 28 Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. These groups were determined as control (C), lead acetate (LA) (50 mL/ kg per rat), PJ (1 mL), and LA + PJ. It was observed that the malondialdehyde level of the LA+PJ decreased compared to the LA. The glutathione level of the LA decreased compared to other groups. LA + PJ had higher glutathione S-transferase enzyme activity than C and lower than LA. Carboxylesterase activity increased in the LA + PJ compared C and LA. Pb level in the LA + PJ was higher than C and lower than LA. Also, Mn levels increased LA+PJ compared to LA. Testosterone decreased LA but increased in PJ and LA+PJ compared to LA. LA and PJ had similar histological structures to and PJ. It was determined that PJ had a curative effect against Pb toxicity in testicular tissue.
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    Investigation of the effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy on brain volume in cancer patients: brain tumor study
    (Springer, 2026) Deniz, Birgul; Arpaci, Muhammed Furkan; Pekmez, Hidir; Uzun, Gokce Bagci; Inceoglu, Feyza; Harputluoglu, Hakan
    Purpose Brain tumors, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of abnormal cells within cerebral tissue, remain clinically challenging entities. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy constitute fundamental therapeutic modalities; however, their effects on healthy brain structures are not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of these treatments on volumetric changes in brain structures and tumor size in patients with primary or metastatic brain tumors. Methods A retrospective cohort of 47 patients aged 18-90 years treated at Inonu University Turgut & Ouml;zal Medical Center between 2012 and 2023 was analyzed. Brain MRI scans were evaluated at three time points: pre-treatment, post-radiotherapy, and post-chemotherapy. Radiotherapy was delivered at a median dose of 60 Gy in 30-33 fractions, and temozolomide was used as the chemotherapy agent. Volumetric measurements of the telencephalon, diencephalon, ventricles, white matter, brainstem, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex were performed using MRICloud, while tumor volumes were quantified using the VolBrain platform. All volumetric differences were statistically tested using repeated-measures ANOVA with corresponding p-values reported. Results A statistically significant increase in telencephalon volume was observed after radiotherapy, followed by a return toward baseline measurements after chemotherapy. The diencephalon demonstrated a significant and persistent volume reduction following radiotherapy (p < 0.05). No statistically significant volumetric changes were identified in the ventricles, white matter, brainstem, cerebellum, or cerebral cortex (p > 0.05). Tumor volume changes were also statistically evaluated and showed no significant differences across the three time points (p = 0.456), indicating stable disease during the treatment course. Conclusion Radiotherapy and chemotherapy lead to region-specific volumetric alterations in the brain. The transient telencephalon enlargement is more likely attributable to treatment-related edema or inflammatory processes rather than functional improvement. The persistent diencephalon volume decline may reflect early treatment-related tissue vulnerability. Incorporating automated volumetric assessment into routine follow-up may support early detection of therapy-related structural changes and facilitate more personalized treatment planning.