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Öğe Approaching the Children with Feeding Problems(Galenos Yayincilik, 2016) Kurt, Esra; Orun, EmelFeeding problems in childhood are common, occurring in 25-45% of healthy children and the ratio can be increased up to 80% in children with growth deficiency. Studies with healthy children reported that 20-60% of parents think that their children don't eat enough. Serious eating disorders which requires intensive medical and behaviour treatment is seen in 3-10% of children. In this review, approach and follow up of a child who was brought to the hospital with feeding problems was studied.Öğe Determination of Intestinal Enzyme Activities During Infancy Period(Galenos Yayincilik, 2016) Orun, Emel; Yalcin, Songul; Lay, Incilay; Dursun, Arzu; Ozkara, AsumanIntroduction: Intestinal enzyme activities are indirect indicators that reflect the existence and metabolic activity of bacteria living in the intestinal flora. The purpose of the study was to measure fecal beta (beta)-glucuronidase, beta-glucosidase and urease enzyme activities and to determine the factors that affect levels in 6 week old and 8 month old babies. Materials and Methods: The study comprised 100 healthy infants at 6 weeks of age. Feces samples were collected from all infants. However, 17 of the feces samples were not included due to the lack of particles in the feces. The same samples were also taken from 35 infants at 8 months of age. Twenty-five of the infants had given feces samples at both 6 weeks and 8 months of age. Urease, beta-glucuronidase and beta-glucosidase enzyme activities (nmol/min-1/mg-protein-1) were measured. Results: In repeated measures, the levels of beta-glucuronidase and urease declined over time and beta-glucosidase levels increased. At 8 months of age, higher beta-glucuronidase levels were obtained in premature infants. At 6 weeks of age, lower levels of urease were measured in babies who were started breastfeeding at the first hour of life and were bottle-fed. Exclusive breastfeeding had no influence on the intestinal enzyme activities. Conclusions: In early infancy period when microflora is structured, intestinal enzyme activities are important that show indirectly functionality of the microflora. However, it is difficult to highlight what affects the levels of intestinal enzymes because activities vary according to the age.Öğe Organochlorine pesticide residues in breast milk and maternal psychopathologies and infant growth from suburban area of Ankara, Turkey(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Yalcin, Songul Siddika; Orun, Emel; Yalcin, Suzan; Aykut, OsmanWe aimed to determine the levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the breast milk; to assess the effect of detectable OCPs on maternal-infant characteristics and; to evaluate the relation between OCPs and the maternal psychopathologies [Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ), Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) and Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)] and infant growth. DDT, beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), aldrin and heptachlor were detected in 89.3, 70.7, 58.7 and 34.7 % of the samples, respectively. Mothers with low monthly family income had detectable DDTs less frequently. The frequencies of detectable heptachlor epoxide were significantly higher in mothers with gestational nausea. Anaemic mothers had more frequently detectable alpha-HCH. Z scores of head circumference were inversely correlated with beta-HCH and DDT levels. The heptachlor epoxide levels were positively correlated with PBQ, MIBS and indexes of BSI. No relation was detected between EPDS and OCPs. Further studies are needed for changes in maternal psychopathologies.Öğe Vitamin D Deficiency in Children With Newly Diagnosed Idiopathic Epilepsy(Sage Publications Inc, 2015) Sonmez, Fatma Mujgan; Donmez, Ahsen; Namuslu, Mehmet; Canbal, Metin; Orun, EmelSeveral studies have shown a link between vitamin D deficiency and epilepsy. This study includes 60 newly diagnosed idiopathic epilepsy patients and 101 healthy controls (between the ages of 5 and 16). Each group was also divided into two subgroups according to seasonal changes in terms of months of longer versus shorter daylight. We retrospectively evaluated the levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, and 25-OH vitamin-D3 in the study participants. Levels below 20 ng/ml were defined as vitamin D deficiency and levels of 20-30 ng/ml as insufficiency. There were no significant differences in age, gender distribution and levels of calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone between the groups. The level of 25-OH vitamin-D3 in the patient group was significantly lower when compared to the control group (p < 0.05) (14.07 +/- 8.12 and 23.38 +/- 12.80 ng/ml, respectively). This difference also held true when evaluation was made according to seasonal evaluation (12.38 +/- 6.53 and 17.64 +/- 1.14 in shorter daylight and 18.71 +/- 9.87 and 30.82 +/- 1.04 in longer daylight).Öğe Vitamin D deficiency in healthy children and adolescents(Canadian Soc Clinical Investigation, 2015) Orun, Emel; Sezer, Seyma; Kanburoglu, M. Kenan; Namuslu, Mehmet; Sonmez, F. MujganPurpose: The aim of this study was to determine vitamin D levels in children and adolescents aged between 2 months and 16 years, and to investigate risk factors leading to deficient or insufficient vitamin D levels. Patients and Methods: One thousand and ten patients from the pediatric clinic of Turgut Ozal University Hospital in Turkey between January 2010 and May 2014 were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into three groups: 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency and sufficiency according to their 25(OH) vitamin D levels (<= 15 ng/mL, 15-20 ng/mL and >= 20 ng/mL, respectively). 25(OH) Vitamin D levels were measured by HPLC. Results: Approximately a quarter of the children (24.3%) had 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency and 16.5% had 25(OH) vitamin D insufficiency; leaving only (59.2%) of the subjects with sufficient 25(OH) vitamin D levels. Risk factors for 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency were identified by logistic regression analysis using variables of age, gender and season. Logistic regression analysis revealed that winter, spring and autumn seasons and female gender are independent risk factors for 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency (odds ratios: 5.85, 3.93, 1.62 and 1.44, respectively). 25(OH) vitamin D levels decreased as subjects age giving increased odds ratios for subjects aged 13-48 months old (OR: 3.69), 49-108 months old (OR: 4.48) and 109-192 months old (OR: 6.70) compared with 2-12 months old. Conclusion: 25(OH) vitamin D deficiency is a common health problem in childhood. Implementing of 25(OH) vitamin D supplementation should be considered after infancy.
