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    Mortality analysis of COVID-19 infection in chronic kidney disease, haemodialysis and renal transplant patients compared with patients without kidney disease: a nationwide analysis from Turkey
    (Pembegul, Irem, 2020) Savas Ozturk; Kenan Turgutalp; Mustafa Arici; Ali Riza Odabas; Mehmet Riza Altiparmak; Zeki Aydin; Egemen Cebeci; Taner Basturk; Zeki Soypacaci; Garip Sahin; Tuba Elif Ozler; Ekrem Kara; Hamad Dheir; Necmi Eren; Gultekin Suleymanlar; Mahmud Islam; Melike Betul Ogutmen; Erkan Sengul; Yavuz Ayar; Murside Esra Dolarslan; Serkan Bakirdogen; Seda Safak; Ozkan Gungor; Idris Sahin; Ilay Berke Mentese; Ozgur Merhametsiz; Ebru Gok Oguz; Dilek Gibyeli Genek; Nadir Alpay; Nimet Aktas; Murat Duranay; Selma Alagoz; Hulya Colak; Zelal Adibelli; Irem Pembegul; Ender Hur; Alper Azak; Dilek Guven Taymez; Erhan Tatar; Rumeyza Kazancioglu; Aysegul Oruc; Enver Yuksel; Engin Onan; Kultigin Turkmen; Nuri Baris Hasbal; Ali Gurel; Berna Yelken; Tuncay Sahutoglu; Mahmut Gok; Nurhan Seyahi; Mustafa Sevinc; Sultan Ozkurt; Savas Sipahi; Sibel Gokcay Bek; Feyza Bora; Bulent Demirelli; Ozgur Akin Oto; Orcun Altunoren; Serhan Zubeyde Tuglular; Mehmet Emin Demir; Mehmet Deniz Ayli; Bulent Huddam; Mehmet Tanrisev; Ilter Bozaci; Meltem Gursu; Betul Bakar; Bulent Tokgoz; Halil Zeki Tonbul; Alaattin Yildiz; Siren Sezer; Kenan Ates
    Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and immunosuppression, such as in renal transplantation (RT), stand as one of the established potential risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Case morbidity and mortality rates for any type of infection have always been much higher in CKD, haemodialysis (HD) and RT patients than in the general population. A large study comparing COVID-19 outcome in moderate to advanced CKD (Stages 3–5), HD and RT patients with a control group of patients is still lacking. Methods We conducted a multicentre, retrospective, observational study, involving hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19 from 47 centres in Turkey. Patients with CKD Stages 3–5, chronic HD and RT were compared with patients who had COVID-19 but no kidney disease. Demographics, comorbidities, medications, laboratory tests, COVID-19 treatments and outcome [in-hospital mortality and combined in-hospital outcome mortality or admission to the intensive care unit (ICU)] were compared. Results A total of 1210 patients were included [median age, 61 (quartile 1–quartile 3 48–71) years, female 551 (45.5%)] composed of four groups: control (n = 450), HD (n = 390), RT (n = 81) and CKD (n = 289). The ICU admission rate was 266/1210 (22.0%). A total of 172/1210 (14.2%) patients died. The ICU admission and in-hospital mortality rates in the CKD group [114/289 (39.4%); 95% confidence interval (CI) 33.9–45.2; and 82/289 (28.4%); 95% CI 23.9–34.5)] were significantly higher than the other groups: HD = 99/390 (25.4%; 95% CI 21.3–29.9; P?