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    Determination of udder and teat linear morphological traits in Awassi and Bafra (Chios x Karayaka) Ewes
    (Univ Zulia, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias, 2024) Seker, Ibrahim; Kul, Selim; Koseman, Abdurrahman
    This study was carried in order to evaluate the linear morphological characteristics of the udder and teats in the breeder conditions of Awassi and Bafra (Chios x Karayaka) ewes ( Ovis aries ) and to determine the udder types, lactation milk yield and the lactation period of the ewes. One hundred two Awassi and 61 Bafra ewes were included in the study. The means of the linear scores of udder depth, udder furrow, udder attachment, teat shape, teat angle and teat placement in Awassi ewes were determined as 6.10 +/- 0.27, 6.33 +/- 0.27, 4.49 +/- 0.27, 6.49 +/- 0.33, 3.98 +/- 0.29, and 1.47 +/- 0.14, respectively. The same parameters were determined as 6.31 +/- 0.28, 6.77 +/- 0.32, 5.72 +/- 0.24, 1.20 +/- 0.11, 1.72 +/- 0.26, and 1.20 +/- 0.11, respectively, in Bafra ewes. Significant differences were found between Awassi and Bafra breeds in terms of udder types ( P <0.01). The type 3 udder, suitable for milking, was determined at the highest rate in both breeds, but type 2 udder was not detected in Awassi ewes. Statistically significant differences were found between Awassi and Bafra ewes in terms of linear morphological characteristics of udder and teat, udder attachment, teat shape, teat angle and 60 th day milk yield, daily average milk yield and lactation period ( P <0.01). Lactation milk yield and lactation period were calculated as 139.85 +/- 5.31 kg and 208.53 +/- 4.471 days, respectively, in Awassi ewes and 145.91 +/- 9.97 kg and 175.23 +/- 4.635 days in Bafra ewes, respectively. As a result, in order for linear udder characteristics to be used safely as an indirect selection criterion, there is a need for studies with a higher number of ewes and to calculate the repeatability and heritability.
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    Elazığ İlindeki Koyun Yetiştiricilerinin Sosyodemografik Durumu ve İşletmelerdeki Hayvan Sağlığı Faaliyetleri
    (Erciyes Üniversitesi, 2022) Kul, Selim; Şeker, İbrahim; Köseman, Abdurrahman
    Bu araştırma, Elazığ İlindeki koyun yetiştiricilerinin sosyodemografik özelliklerini ve işletmelerdeki hayvan sağlığı faaliyetlerinin durumunu belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla 168 adet işletme araştırma kapsamında değerlen- dirilmiş ve sahipleriyle yüz yüze anket gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre %75.0’i 31-50 yaş aralığında ve %55.7’si beş ve daha fazla hane halkına sahip olan yetiştiricilerin %83.7’si ilkokul mezunudur. Tamamı ekonomik ne- denlerle koyunculuk yapan bu yetiştiricilerin %67.3 oranında koyunculuk yapmaktan memnun oldukları ve koyunculuğu %80.2 oranında sürekli yapmayı düşündükleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, %65.4’ü yerleşik ve yayla koyunculuğu biçiminde faaliyet yürüten işletmelerin %95.8’inde ayak yıkama havuzu ve banyoluk bulunmadığı, %80.9’unda sadece hastalık görüldüğünde veteriner hekimlik hizmeti alındığı saptanmıştır. Bu işletmelerin %66.7’sinde aşılama programlarına ria- yet edildiği ve %97.0’sinde sadece zorunlu aşıların yaptırıldığı, %65.9’unda ise aşıların yetiştiriciler tarafından yapıldığı belirlenmiştir. Yetiştiricilerinin %83.5’inin yetkililerden en öncelikli çözüm istedikleri sorunlarının mera problemi olduğu saptanan işletmelerin %39.8’inde paraziter hastalıkların, %27.8’inde ise enterotokseminin görülen en yaygın hastalık olduğu yetiştirici beyanlarından tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Elazığ’daki yetiştiricilerin koyunculuğu sürekli yapma ve kapasite artırma isteklerine rağmen, bu ildeki koyun yetiştiriciliğinin Türkiye’nin pek çok ilinde olduğu gibi bazı temel sorunlarının olduğu görülmektedir. Yetiştiricilere yönelik eğitim çalışmalarının daha fazla ve devamlı yapılması sayesin- de problemlerin zaman içerisinde büyük ölçüde çözüme kavuşabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır.
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    Reproductive and productive characteristics in Bafra (Chios x Karayaka) ewes, growth, carcass performance and survivability of lambs
    (Univ Zulia, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias, 2023) Koseman, Abdurrahman; Kul, Selim; Seker, Ibrahim; Kocyigit, Sezgin; Karaca, Mehmet
    This study was carried out on Bafra (Chios x Karayaka) breed to determine the fertility characteristics of sheep, growth performance, survivability and carcass weights of lambs. For this purpose, the reproductive characteristics of 600 sheep aged 2-5 years and the survivability of 1,150 lambs born from these sheep were determined. In addition, the growth performance characteristics, slaughter, and carcass weights of 65 lambs born from 38 randomly selected ewes 3-4 years old were determined. In the study, the pregnancy rate was 90.00%, the birth rate was 87.16%, singleness 15.00%, twins 80.00%, and triplet 5.00%, lamb yield per ewe 1.90, number of lambs per birth 2.20 was calculated. Birth and weaning (90(th) d) weights as well as 61-90(th) d of live weight gains of male and female lambs were found as 4.26 and 3.57 kg, 24.15 and 21.32 kg, 265.75 and 231.72 g, respectively. The 120(th) d survivability, slaughter and carcass weights and carcass yields of lambs were determined as 97.74%, 47.10 kg, 21.61 kg and 45.92%, respectively. As a result, although the Bafra sheep is a breed that can be recommended to be raised in terms of the characteristics discussed, more scientific research is needed on it.
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    Udder morphology and physicochemical structure of milk in Bafra (Chios x Karayaka) ewes
    (Univ Zulia, Facultad Ciencias Veterinarias, 2024) Seker, Ibrahim; Koseman, Abdurrahman; Kul, Selim; Kocyigit, Sezgin; Seker, Pinar
    It was aimed to determine the effects of udder type on udder traits, milk yield and some physicochemical properties of Bafra (Chios x Karayaka) ewes. The lactation length, daily milk yield, lactation milk yield, and daily average milk yield of ewes were determined. In addition the udder type were determined, udder and teat traits were measured. The fat, solid non-fat, protein, lactose, mineral, density, freezing point, and conductivity values of the milk were determined. Type 3 udder was observed at the highest rate (37.5%) and Type 5 udders were not detected in ewes. The lactation length, daily, and lactation milk yield values were calculated as 177.75 days, 868.60 g and 156.86 kg, respectively. Udder circumference, udder width, udder depth, right teat length, left teat length, right teat diameter, left teat diameter, the distance between teats and udder floor height from the ground was calculated as 40.95 +/- 0.63, 12.36 +/- 0.30, 16.24 +/- 0.40, 2.85 +/- 0.09, 2.76 +/- 0.09, 1.49 +/- 0.03, 1.43 +/- 0.04, 15.35 +/- 0.23, and 31.88 +/- 0.70 cm, respectively. Rates of fat, protein, lactose, solid non-fat, mineral and also density, freezing point, and conductivity were calculated at 5.17 +/- 0.30, 1039.08 +/- 0.31, 6.24 +/- 0.05, 11.51 +/- 0.10, 0.88 +/- 0.009, 1039.08 +/- 0.31 g center dot mL-1, -0.80 +/- 0.009 degrees C and 5.26 +/- 0.03 mS center dot cm-1, respectively. It has been determined that Bafra sheep can be a suitable breed for breeding in the conditions of Malatya, Province of Turkiye. However, more scientific research should be done on this topic and the level of milk production should be improved.