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    Bladder cancer invasion predictability based on preoperative neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 2014) Kaynar, Mehmet; Yildirim, Mehmet Erol; Badem, Huseyin; Cavis, Mucahit; Tekinarslan, Erdem; Istanbulluoglu, Mustafa Okan; Karatas, Omer Faruk
    An increased pretreatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with poor prognosis in colorectal, gastric, and ovarian cancer; malignant mesothelioma; and renal cell carcinoma. The present study aims to define the predictive value of preoperative peripheral blood count NLR in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and muscle-invasive disease (MIBC) patients. There were in total 291 patients, 241 males and 50 females. Out of these, 156 male and 36 female patients were in the NMIBC group and 85 male and 14 female patients in the MIBC group. In the NMIBC group, 172 patients had low-grade and 20 high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma. The mean age of the patients in the NMIBC group was 64 +/- 13, ranging from 27 to 97. The mean age of the patients in MIBC group was 70.5 +/- 10, ranging from 27 to 95. A statistically significant relation between patient ages and tumor invasiveness was determined (p = 0.023, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 63.3-66.7). The mean tumor size of the NMIBC group was 2.1 +/- 1.09 (cm) (range 0.5-8), and of MIBC group 3.6 +/- 1.5 (cm) (range 0.8-9). There was a statistically significant relation between the tumor size and invasiveness (p = 0.002, 95 % CI 2.8-4.4). In the NIMBC group, 149 (77.6 %) of them have NLR a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 2.5 and 43 (22.4 %) have NLR > 2.5. Also, in MIBC, 67 (67.7 %) of them have NLR a parts per thousand currency signaEuro parts per thousand 2.5 and 32 (32.3 %) have NLR > 2.5. The mean NLR in the NMIBC group was 2.4 +/- 0.1 (range 0.08-6.49, 95 % CI 1.52-2.71) and in the MIBC 2.9 +/- 0.2 (range 0.08-16.72, 95 % CI 1.67-2.97). In terms of NLR, there was a statistically significant difference between the NMIBC and MIBC groups (p = 0.028). Platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) of the two groups was also analyzed. The PLR of the NMIBC group was 12.8 +/- 15.1 (range 3.38-19.1) and of the MIBC 13.6 +/- 8.78 (range 0.18-63), yet there was not any statistically significant difference (p = 0.810, 95 % CI 11.4-14.8) (Table 1). The correlation tests revealed a positive correlation between the age (r = 0.144, p = 0.024), tumor size (r = 0.193, p = 0.02), and tumor invasiveness NLR (r = 0.138, p = 0.031). NLR can be used to determine tumor invasiveness as a cost-effective, common, and simple biomarker in bladder cancer (BC).
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    Is polycystic ovarian syndrome a risk factor for urolithiasis?
    (Springer, 2013) Kaygusuz, Ikbal; Karatas, Omer Faruk; Kafali, Hasan; Cimentepe, Ersin; Unal, Dogan
    Urinary stone disease is a complex multifactorial disorder influenced by both intrinsic and environmental factors. It is generally known that age and sex are risk factors for urinary stone disease. Also men have higher mean urinary oxalate concentrations than women. In addition, in animal and human studies, testosterone has been shown to increase the formation of urinary stones. This suggests that sex hormones are considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of stone disease. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrine disorders of women in the reproductive age, affecting 5-10 % of women in this life span. It is characterized with chronic anovulation\oligo-ovulation, clinical or biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound examination. Hyperandrogenism, the main feature of PCOS, may trigger the urinary stone formation besides hirsutism, alopecia and acne. Therefore, we hypothesize that PCOS accompanied by hyperandrogenism may be a risk factor in the formation of urinary stone disease.
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    Melatonin protects kidney against apoptosis induced by acute unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats
    (Polish Urological Assoc, 2016) Yildirim, Mehmet Erol; Badem, Huseyin; Cakmak, Muzaffer; Yilmaz, Hakki; Kosem, Bahadir; Karatas, Omer Faruk; Bayrak, Reyhan
    Introduction To investigate whether there was a protective effect of melatonin on apoptotic mechanisms after an acute unilateral obstruction of the kidney. Material and methods A total of 25 rats consisting of five groups were used in the study, designated as follows: Group 1: control, Group 2: sham, Group 3: unilateral ureteral obstruction treated with only saline, Group 4: unilateral ureteral obstruction treated with melatonin immediately, and Group 5: unilateral obstruction treated with melatonin one day after obstruction. Melatonin was administered as a 10 mg/kg dose intraperitoneally. The kidneys were evaluated according to the apoptotic index and Ki-67 scores. Results Comparison of all obstruction groups (Group 3, 4, and 5), revealed that the apoptotic index was significantly higher in Groups 1 and 2. Despite melatonin reduced apoptotic mechanisms in Groups 4 and 5, there was no significant difference between Groups 4 and 5 in terms of the reduction of apoptosis. However, the reduction of apoptosis in the melatonin treated group did not decrease to the level of Groups 1 and 2. Conclusions Despite melatonin administration, which significantly reduces the apoptotic index occurring after acute unilateral ureteral obstruction, the present study did not observe a return to normal renal histology in the obstruction groups.
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    The comparison of the influence between two different bowel preparation methods on sepsis after prostate biopsies
    (Polish Urological Assoc, 2015) Yildirim, Mehmet Erol; Badem, Huseyin; Cavis, Mucahit; Karatas, Omer Faruk; Cimentepe, Ersin; Unal, Dogan; Incebay, Ilkay Bekir
    Introduction Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) guided prostate needle biopsy has been performed to diagnose and stage prostate cancer for many years. There are many different bowel preparation protocols to diminish the infectious complications, but there is no standardized consensus among urologists. Therefore, we aimed to assess two different bowel preparation methods on the rate of infectious complications in patients who underwent TRUS-guided prostate biopsy. Material and methods A total of 387 cases of TRUS-guided prostate biopsy were included in this retrospective study. All patients received antibiotic prophylaxis with ciprofloxacin (500 mg) twice a day orally for 7 days starting on the day before the biopsy. The patients were divided into two groups according to the bowel preparation method used. Patients (Group 1, n = 164) only received self-administrated phosphate enema) on the morning of the prostate biopsy. Other patients (Group 2, n = 223) received sennasoid a-b laxatives the night before the prostate biopsy. Infectious complications were classified as sepsis, fever (greater than 38 degrees C) without sepsis, and other clinical infections. Results Major complications developed in 14 cases (3.8%), including 3 cases (0.8%) of urinary retention, and 11 (3%) infectious complications, all of which were sepsis. There were 3 and 8 cases of urosepsis in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between both Groups regarding to the rates of urosepsis (p = 0.358). Conclusions Despite both methods of bowel preparation, sodium phosphate enema or sennasoid a-b calcium laxatives, before TRUS-guided prostate biopsy have similar effect on the rate of urosepsis, so both methods of bowel preparation can be safely used.
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    The effects of thyroid hormones on uroflowmetry parameters in asymptomatic women
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2013) Cimentepe, Ersin; Yildirim, Mehmet Erol; Incebay, Ilkay Bekir; Carlioglu, Ayse; Karatas, Omer Faruk; Unal, Dogan
    Aim: To investigate whether there is any association between uroflowmetry parameters and blood levels of thyroid hormones in asymptomatic women. Materials and methods: Included in the study were 110 consecutive female patients with no urinary complaints who had thyroid function tests performed in an endocrinology clinic. Uroflowmetric measurements were performed for each patient in a sitting position. The patients were divided into 3 groups, hypo-, hyper-, and euthyroidism, and were investigated for statistical difference among them regarding maximum flow rate (Qmax), average flow rate (Qave), voided volume (VV), and voiding time (VT). Results: The mean Qmax and Qave values of hypo-, eu-, and hyperthyroid groups were 25.3 +/- 9.1 and 14.9 +/- 5.8, 28.6 +/- 9.6 and 16.2 +/- 6.4, and 21.5 +/- 8.7, and 13.2 +/- 5.6, respectively. In the evaluation of all groups, a statistically significant difference was found regarding Qmax (P = 0.004) and Qave (P = 0.024). When the groups were evaluated between each other, Qmax (p = 0.003) and Qave (P = 0.027) were significantly different between hyper- and euthyroid groups, with no statistically significant differences in other groups regarding the uroflowmetry parameters (P > 0.05). Conclusion: It has been found that Qmax and Qave were significantly lower in the hyperthyroid group as compared with the euthyroid group. According to these findings, it may be thought that hyperthyroidism negatively affects uroflowmetry parameters. To reach a definitive judgment, more investigations supported by urodynamic studies are necessary.
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    Urological recommedations of Hadji Pasha's, a Turkish aged doctor in Anatolia
    (Mashhad Univ Med Sciences, 2016) Yildirim, Mehmet Erol; Canbal, Metin; Ozyuvali, Ekrem; Karatas, Omer Faruk
    Objective: Urinary tract conditions have been an important part of diseases from antiquity until today. Historically, many plants and herbs have been used for the treatment of urinary disorders. Methods: Celaluddin Hizir bin Ali el-Konevi (Hadji Pasha) is one of the most famous physician who lived in Anatolia between 13th and 14th centuries. He has written one of the most important medical books of that era, Muntehab-iSifa (solution of wellness) in Turkish. General medical information about the diseases in this book, focus on diagnosis and treatment. Results: The herbal solutions for urological disorders such as, urinary incontinence, urinary stones or erection problems are told in this section. Conclusion: Many of the herbal medicines addressed in this book are being widely used in current medicine, but the usage of these herbals in daily urology practice is limited. In this study, we aimed to share the advices for the urological diseases and the related herbal medicines that are named in Hadji Pasha's book, Muntehab-iSifa, with today's physicians.
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    What is harmful for male fertility: Cell phone or the wireless internet?
    (Wiley, 2015) Yildirim, Mehmet Erol; Kaynar, Mehmet; Badem, Huseyin; Cavis, Mucahit; Karatas, Omer Faruk; Cimentepe, Ersin
    In this study, we aimed to assess the potential harmful effects of radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation on sperm parameters. We requested semen for analyses from the male patients coming to our infertility division and also asked them to fill out an anonymous questionnaire. We queried their mobile phone and wireless internet usage frequencies in order to determine their radiofrequency-electromagnetic radiation exposure. A total of 1082 patients filled the questionnaire but 51 of them were excluded from the study because of azoospermia. There was no significant difference between sperm counts and sperm morphology excluding sperm motility, due to mobile phone usage period, (p = 0.074, p = 0.909, and p = 0.05, respectively). The total motile sperm count and the progressive motile sperm count decreased due to the increase of internet usage (p = 0.032 and p = 0.033, respectively). In line with the total motile sperm count, progressive motile sperm count also decreased with wireless internet usage compared with the wired internet connection usage (p = 0.009 and p = 0.018, respectively). There was a negative correlation between wireless internet usage duration and the total sperm count (r = -0.089, p = 0.039). We have also explored the negative effect of wireless internet use on sperm motility according to our preliminary results. Copyright (C) 2015, Kaohsiung Medical University. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved.