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    Biological activities of bee products of Bingöl province and its region
    (Malatya Turgut Özal Üniversitesi, 2022) Karagözoğlu, Yusuf; Kıran, Tuğba Raika
    Honey, propolis, bee pollen, royal jelly, bee bread, bee venom and beeswax are products produced by bees. Honey is a sweet viscous secretion collected from beehives and found in the cells of honey bee combs. Propolis is a resinous substance that bees collect from the leaves and buds of plants. Bee pollen is a mixture of flower pollen collected by the Apis mellifera L. honey bee with nectar and bee secretions. Bee products, which have various biological properties such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant activities, are natural products that are important for health and have high nutritional value. Bingöl is a very suitable region for beekeeping potential in terms of its vegetation and geographical conditions. Milkvetch, clover and vetch plants, which are from the Fabaceae family most preferred by bees, grow in the Bingöl flora. In addition, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae are among the other family groups that collect the most nectar in this region. In the study, the effect of location difference and plant species on chemical parameters, vitamin, fatty acid, element content, antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activity in honey, bee pollen and propolis samples obtained from different locations of Bingöl were evaluated.
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    Investigation of Heavy Metal Contents in Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Sold in Bingöl Herbalists
    (Ordu Üniversitesi, 2023) Karagözoğlu, Yusuf; Kıran, Tuğba Raika
    Objective: In our country, which is rich in medicinal plant diversity, there is an increase in heavy metal accumulation with the increase of industrial development and environmental pollution. The aim is to evaluate the health safety of heavy metal content of thyme and ginger plants, which are frequently used for therapeutic purposes, sold in herbalists. Methods: In this study, heavy metal (Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Hg, Pb) levels in thyme (Thymus vulgaris) and ginger (Zingiber officinale) plant samples obtained from three different herbalists in Bingöl were determined by ICP-MS. Results: Fe, Zn, Cd and Pb levels in both thyme and ginger samples, Cr levels in thyme samples and Cu levels in ginger samples were above the safe limit values for health. In the thyme and ginger samples, Co, Ni, Cr levels in ginger samples and As levels in thyme samples were found to be in the safe range for health Conclusion: As a result; it is noteworthy that some heavy metals in medicinal plants used for therapeutic purposes in this study are above the recommended critical levels. Considering the possibility of exposure to heavy metals while consuming medicinal plants, regular monitoring of heavy metal concentrations in plants is important in order to minimize the risks that may adversely affect human health