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    Carbon dynamics and export from flooded wetlands: A modeling approach
    (Elsevier, 2013) Sharifi, Amirreza; Kalin, Latif; Hantush, Mohamed M.; Isik, Sabahattin; Jordan, Thomas E.
    Described in this article is development and validation of a process based model for carbon cycling in flooded wetlands, called WetQual-C. The model considers various biogeochemical interactions affecting C cycling, greenhouse gas emissions, organic carbon export and retention. WetQual-C couples carbon cycling with other interrelated geochemical cycles in wetlands, i.e. nitrogen and oxygen; and fully reflects the dynamics of the thin oxidized zone at the soil-water interface. Using field collected data from a small wetland receiving runoff from an agricultural watershed on the eastern shore of Chesapeake Bay, we assessed model performance and carried out a thorough sensitivity and uncertainty analysis to evaluate the credibility of the model. Overall, model performed well in capturing TOC export fluctuations and dynamics from the study wetland. Model results revealed that over a period of 2 years, the wetland removed or retained equivalent to 47 +/- 12% of the OC carbon intake, mostly via DC decomposition and DOC diffusion to sediment. The study wetland appeared as a carbon sink rather than source and proved its purpose as a relatively effective and low cost mean for improving water quality. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Optimal Dynamic Water Allocation for Irrigation of Multiple Crops
    (American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) onlinejls@asce.org, 2014) Işik, Sabahattin; Kalin, Latif
    A dynamic irrigation scheduling method was developed for optimal water allocation from an irrigation reservoir and maximum net benefit from multiple crops under wet, average, and drought conditions. The model integrates two control volumes: (1) the plant root zone, which demands water, and (2) the reservoir, which supplies water. The FAO Penman-Monteith method was used to compute the reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0). Optimal allocation of water supply in the reservoir was determined by a dynamic programming method. The model allows for variable decision intervals for each crop. Because soil moisture exhibits a dynamic structure, various scenarios were developed for probable soil moisture deficit ratios. The objective function of the model developed in this study consists of the yield sensitive factor (Ky), the actual evapotranspiration (ETa), the potential evapotranspiration (ETm), the maximum crop yield (Ym), the benefit of unit yield in unit area (UB), the unit cost of unit yield in unit area (UC), the unit cost of water of unit yield in unit area (UCW), and the crop area (AREA). The applicability of the method was demonstrated through a case study of Cavdarhisar Dam irrigation field (5000 ha) in Kutahya, Turkey. From the commonly grown crops in the area, wheat, maize, sunflower, potato, onion, sugar beet, beans, tomato, chickpea, and melon-watermelon were selected to be planted. Optimum water allocation scheduling of available water in the reservoir was determined based on maximum net benefit from multiple crops under wet, average, and drought conditions. © 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.