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    Performance Evaluation of Hot Mix Asphalt Modified with Biomass-Based Waste Chestnut Shells as Filler Replacement
    (Mdpi, 2026) Ince, Ceren Beyza
    Highlights What are the main findings? The stability of mixtures was increased by up to 10.3% with CNS additive. The resistance of pavements to moisture damage was improved with CNS additive. The resistance of pavements with CNS additive to rutting under moving loads increased by up to 249%. The fatigue life of pavements increased 3.81 times with CNS. What is the implication of the main findings? It was observed that CNS additive can be used in road engineering and the optimum ratio is 10%.Highlights What are the main findings? The stability of mixtures was increased by up to 10.3% with CNS additive. The resistance of pavements to moisture damage was improved with CNS additive. The resistance of pavements with CNS additive to rutting under moving loads increased by up to 249%. The fatigue life of pavements increased 3.81 times with CNS. What is the implication of the main findings? It was observed that CNS additive can be used in road engineering and the optimum ratio is 10%.Abstract This study aims to investigate the feasibility and performance effects of using waste chestnut shells (CNS), derived from agricultural biomass, as a filler replacement material in hot mix asphalt mixtures. The influence of CNS on the mechanical behavior of hot mix asphalt mixtures was evaluated through a comprehensive experimental program. Initially, the physical and conventional properties of the B50/70 asphalt binder, aggregates, and CNS material were characterized to establish a reference framework for mixture design. The optimum asphalt content (OAC) for the control mixture was established using the Marshall mix design procedure. Mixture specimens incorporating CNS were produced by introducing the material at four different proportions, corresponding to filler substitution levels ranging from 5% to 20% by weight. The prepared specimens were evaluated through a series of mechanical and durability-related tests, including Marshall stability and flow, Retained Marshall, moisture damage, dynamic creep stiffness, indirect tensile strength (ITS), fatigue performance, and indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM). The results indicated that mixtures with 10% CNS replacement exhibited notable improvements in stability, water sensitivity, ITS, ITSM, dynamic creep, and fatigue resistance, suggesting that CNS has the potential to enhance the performance characteristics of hot mix asphalt pavements.
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    Rheological and Performance Properties of a Bituminous Binder Modified with Date Kernel Powder
    (Mdpi, 2026) Ince, Ceren Beyza
    Highlights 15% DKP significantly improves high-temperature rutting resistance. DKP-modified binders enhance low-temperature cracking resistance. Fatigue life at intermediate temperatures increases with DKP addition. DKP offers a sustainable, low-cost alternative for bitumen modification. Valorization of date kernel waste supports environmentally friendly pavements.Abstract This study presents an experimental investigation into the direct use of date kernel powder (DKP) as a biomass-based modifier for bituminous binders, with the aim of evaluating its feasibility as a sustainable binder modifier. DKP was incorporated into a conventional bituminous binder at different contents (5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.% by weight of binder), and its physicochemical properties were characterized using SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The rheological and performance properties of the modified binders were evaluated through conventional tests, aging procedures, rotational viscosity (RV), dynamic shear rheometer (DSR), bending beam rheometer (BBR), and linear amplitude sweep (LAS) testing, and the performance grades (PG) of all binders were determined. The results indicate that DKP addition increases binder stiffness and reduces temperature susceptibility while maintaining acceptable fatigue and low-temperature performance. Performance grading results showed that the high-temperature grade increased from PG 64 to PG 70 and the low-temperature grade improved from PG-22 to PG-34 at a DKP content of 15%. LAS test results indicated that fatigue life was maintained or improved at intermediate temperatures. Among the tested contents, 15% DKP provided the most balanced performance considering performance grade improvement, fatigue behavior, and workability characteristics, while higher contents resulted in increased stiffness. Overall, the findings suggest that DKP is a promising modifier for bituminous binders at the binder level. However, further studies at the mixture and field scale are recommended to confirm the long-term engineering applicability of DKP-modified binders.