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    Is there a relationship between CSF Interleukin 34 Level and clinicoradiological activity and IgG index in patients with MS?
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2024) Gokce, Seyda Figul; Bolayir, Asli; Cigdem, Burhanettin
    Background: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune, inflammatory, and disabling disease that is subject to research, with the aspects of its pathogenesis awaiting clarification. It is essential to predict the prognosis of the disease and find the responsible mechanisms and molecules to become a treatment option. In this regard, researching the impact of Interleukin 34, with its immunomodulatory properties, on the clinicoradiological activity effect of MS and determining its role, if any, may be guiding. Methods: The study included 52 MS patients who underwent lumbar puncture at the diagnosis stage, and dimethyl fumarate treatment was initiated in these patients. During a one-year prospective follow-up, CSF IL-34 levels of 26 patients with clinical and/or radiological activity and 26 patients without activity were evaluated for prediction of disease activity. Additionally, CSF IL-34 levels of 26 control patients who underwent lumbar puncture due to pseudotumor cerebri but were not diagnosed with this disorder and whose CSF examinations were normal and were compared with MS patients. Our study also included the Immunoglobulin G index and investigated its relationship with IL-34. Results: The IL-34 level was higher in the MS patient group compared to the control group. No significant difference was identified between MS patient groups with and without clinical and/or radiological activity. A weak correlation without statistical significance was found between IL-34 and the IgG index. Conclusion: The IL-34 level did not correlate with clinical and radiological activity in MS patients. However, the high IL-34 level observed in the patient group in comparison with the control group may be significant for MS pathogenesis. Furthermore, IL-34 may be a useful biomarker candidate for MS diagnosis, similar to the IgG index.
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    Plasma free amino acids in Parkinson’s disease: An exploratory case–control study
    (Association of Clinical Biochemistry Specialists (Klinik Biyokimya Uzmanlari Dernegi), 2026) Kurt, Zeynep Eker; Aydin, Huseyin; Gokce, Seyda Figul
    Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with systemic metabolic alterations; however, reproducibility and methodological standardization remain ongoing challenges in metabolomics research. This exploratory case–control study aimed to evaluate whether targeted plasma free amino acid profiling reveals statistically robust differences between PD patients and healthy controls. Methods: Forty-three patients with PD and 43 age-and sex-matched healthy controls were included. Plasma free amino acids were quantified using a targeted triple quadrupole LC–MS/MS platform with Appendix 1 isotope-labeled internal standards. Between-group comparisons were performed with appropriate statistical tests. False discovery rate (FDR) correction and effect size (Cohen’s d) calculations were applied. Compound-based KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was conducted using FDR-significant metabolites. ROC analyses were performed for signal strength assessment only. Results: After FDR correction, alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, proline, taurine, threonine, and phenylalanine/tyrosine-related ratios remained significant, with moderate-to-large effect sizes. Compound-based KEGG enrichment demonstrated significant clustering within interconnected amino acid metabolism pathways, including arginine and proline metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism (pathway-level FDR <0.05). Exploratory ROC analyses showed moderate signal strength for proline (AUC=0.794), taurine (AUC=0.792), and threonine (AUC=0.780). Conclusion: Targeted plasma amino acid profiling revealed coordinated systemic alterations in amino acid metabolism in PD within a statistically disciplined analytical framework. These findings reflect peripheral metabolic variation and should be interpreted as exploratory and hypothesis-generating. The study primarily contributes an analytically validated and FDR-corrected dataset to the discussion on methodological rigor in PD metabolomics, rather than evidence of diagnostic or mechanistic inference. Validation in longitudinal, clinically well-characterized cohorts is required. © 2026, Association of Clinical Biochemistry Specialists (Klinik Biyokimya Uzmanlari Dernegi). All rights reserved.