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Öğe A Rare Case of Intracerebral Hemorrhage due to Arteriovenous Malformation Located at Petrous Portion of the Temporal Bone(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2013) Gokce, Emre Cemal; Cemil, Berker; Kirbas, Ismail; Bozkurt, Alper; Erdogan, BulentPrimary intraosseous arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are not infrequently encountered. We report a case of intraosseous arteriovenous malformation arising in the left temporal bone. A 51-year-old male patient presented with loss of conscious. Computerized tomography displayed hematoma measuring 4 cm in diameter in the left temporal lobe. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed that a temporal bone AVM supplied by all the branches of the external carotid artery and vertebral artery. Many treatment modalities can be considered for preoperative steps and/or for definitive treatment. We preferred embolisation for this vascular pathology. To the best of our knowledge this represents the first case of an intraosseous arteriovenous malformation located in the temporal bone.Öğe Aged Garlic Extract Attenuates Neuronal Injury in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2016) Cemil, Berker; Gokce, Emre Cemal; Kahveci, Ramazan; Gokce, Aysun; Aksoy, Nurkan; Sargon, Mustafa Fevzi; Erdogan, BulentGarlic has been used as a food as well as a component of traditional medicine. Aged garlic extract (AGE) is claimed to promote human health through antioxidant/anti-inflammatory activities with neuroprotective effects. We evaluated the possible beneficial effect of AGE neurologically, pathologically, ultrastructurally, and biochemically in a spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model of rats. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: sham (no I/R), I/R, and AGE (I/R+AGE); each group consisted of eight animals. Animals were evaluated neurologically with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring system. The spinal cord tissue samples were harvested for pathological and ultrastructural examinations. Oxidative products (Malondialdehyde, nitric oxide), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase), inflammatory cytokines (tissue tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1), and caspase-3 activity were analyzed. The AGE group had significantly higher BBB scores than the I/R group. Pathologically, AGE group revealed reduced degree of ischemia and spinal cord edema. Ultrastructural results also showed preservation of tissue structure in the AGE group. Oxidative product levels of the I/R group were significantly higher than both the other groups, and antioxidant enzyme levels of AGE group were significantly higher than the I/R group. There was also significant difference between the sham and AGE groups in terms of total antioxidant enzyme levels. Furthermore, AGE treatment significantly reduced the inflammatory cytokines and caspase-3 activity than the I/R group. This study demonstrates the considerable neuroprotective effect of AGE on the neurological, pathological, ultrastructural, and biochemical status of rats with I/R-induced spinal cord injury.Öğe Early Induction of ADAMTS1, -4, -5 and -9 in IL-Stimulated Mouse Astrocytes(2014) ABALI, Osman; GÖKÇE, Emre Cemal; CEMİL, Berker; Erdogan, Bulent; YONEZAWA, Tomoko; DEMİRCAN, KadirAMAÇ: Nöronlar arasındaki sinaptik fonksiyonların düzenlenmesinde astrositler ve ekstrasellüler matriks proteinlerinin çok önemli rolübulunmaktadır. Ancak travma, inme ve nörodejeneratif hastalıklar gibi çeşitli patolojik durumlar astrositlerin nöral rejenerasyon üzerindeengelleyici ve zararlı etkileri olan glial skar dokusu oluşturmak üzere aktive olmalarına neden olmaktadır. Bu durum aynı zamanda astrositlerdenekstrasellüler matriks komponentlerinin yıkımından da sorumlu olan metalloproteinazların salınımına da yol açmaktadır. Çalışmamızda,postnatal 0. günde alınan fare beyinlerinden elde edilen normal ve IL-1 ile stimüle edilmiş astrosit kültürlerinde ADAMTS1, -4, -5 ve -9 genekspresyon düzeyleri arasındaki korelasyonu değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.yÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Gerçek zamanlı polimerize zincir reaksiyonu analizi kullanıldı.BULGULAR: IL-1 ile stimüle edilmiş astrosit kültürlerinde 3. saatte ADAMTS1, -4, -5 ve -9 salınımlarının kontrol grubuna göre artmış olduğugörüldü. IL stimülasyonu zamana bağlı olarak bütün agrekanazların artmasına sebep oldu. Maksimum artış 3 saat sonra görüldü. ADAMTS1 ve-4te en yüksek ekspresyon izlendi. Bununla birlikte ADAMTS5 ve -9 ekspresyonu daha zayıf kaldı.SONUÇ: Agrekanazlar, merkezi sinir sistemi (MSS) patolojilerinde ve hasarlarında, ekstraselüler matriks yıkım ve yeniden yapılanmasında roloynamaktadır. ADAMTSler MSS patolojilerinde yeni bir gen grubu olabilirler, bazı nöropsikiyatrik ve nörodejeneratif hastalıkların patoetiyolo- jisinde rol alabilirler.Öğe Early Induction of ADAMTS1,-4,-5 and-9 in IL-Stimulated Mouse Astrocytes(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2014) Abali, Osman; Gokce, Emre Cemal; Cemil, Berker; Erdogan, Bulent; Yonezawa, Tomoko; Demircan, KadirAIM: Astrocytes and extracellular matrix molecules have important roles in regulating synaptic functions between neurons in the central nervous system. However, under pathological conditions, these constituents are activated to form glial scar that is thought to be harmful for neuronal regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression pattern of ADAMTS1, -4, -5 and -9 in IL-1 stimulated astrocyte cultures obtained from postnatal day zero mouse brains. MATERIAL and METHODS: Real time PCR analyses were performed. RESULTS: An overexpression of ADAMTS1, -4, -5 and -9 at the 3-h time point after IL-1 stimulation was found. IL-1 stimulation induced aggrecaneses and this effect was time dependent. Maximum increase was detected at 3-h (six fold increase). Interestingly the expression of ADAMTS1 and -4 appeared to be at the highest expression level but the ADAMTS5 and ADAMTS9 expression level was much weaker (three times and two times respectively). CONCLUSION:To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating induction of ADAMTS in IL-1 induced astrocytes. Aggrecanases may play a role in tissue destruction in the progression of central nervous system (CNS) injury and they are differentially expressed in mouse CNS, suggesting a critical role in the pathogenesis of CNS injury. This can be a very crucial aetiologic factor for some neuropsychiatric disorders.Öğe Neuroprotective Effects of Pregabalin Against Spinal Cord Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats(Turkish Neurosurgical Soc, 2017) Kazanci, Burak; Ozdogan, Selcuk; Kahveci, Ramazan; Gokce, Emre Cemal; Yigitkanli, Kazim; Gokce, Aysun; Erdogan, BulentAIM: To evaluate the effect of pregabalin pre-treatment on spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and compare with methylprednisolone (MP). MATERIAL and METHODS: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups as follow: Group 1 (sham)(n= 8), group 2 (ischemia only)(n= 8), group 3 (30 mg/kg pregabalin)(n= 8), and group 4 (30 mg/kg methylprednisolone)(n= 8). Laparotomy was performed without aortic clamp in the sham group. All animals were sacrificed 24 hours after surgery. The spinal cord tissue samples were harvested and caspase-3 activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1 beta) levels, catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and nitric oxide (NO) levels were analyzed to investigate the effects of different excitatory and inflammatory pathways in mechanism of I/R injury. Ultrastructural and histopathological examinations were carried out. Neurological recovery was measured by Basso, Beattie, Bresnahan (BBB) test and Inclined Plane Test. RESULTS: Decresead caspase-3 activity and decreased inflammatory markers like TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and decresaed excitotatory pathways like CAT, GPx, MDA, NO and SOD were observed in both pregabalin pre-treatment and MP treatment groups. Pregabalin pre-treatment produced better ultrastructural results compared to MP treatment, as with histopathological examination. Pregabalin group showed better recovery compared to MP treament group according to BBB scoring system. CONCLUSION: Pregabalin pre-treatmet and MP treatment both has neuroprotective effect on I/R injury by decreasing caspase dependant apoptosis, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. In addition, pregabalin pre-treatment had better clinical effects compared to MP treatment.
