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    Evaluation of long-term soft tissue changes after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in Class III patients
    (E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2015) Aydemir, Halise; Efendiyeva, Ruchengiz; Karasu, Hakan; Toygar-Memikoglu, Ufuk
    Objective: To assess soft tissues in the short and long term after bimaxillary surgery in Class III patients by comparing the hard tissue changes and results between time periods. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six Class Ill adult patients treated with bimaxillary surgery were included in the study. Cephalometric records were taken before surgery (T1) and 5 months (T2), 1.4 years (T3), 3 years (T4), and 5 years (T5) after surgery. Results: There was no significant relapse in skeletal parameters. Overjet was significantly reduced between T4-T3 time intervals (P < .01). There were significant increases in Sn-HR, ULA-HR, LLA-HR, B-B<^> (P < .01), and B<^>-HR (P < .05) between T4-T3 time intervals. There was no significant change in the soft tissue parameters between T5-T4 time intervals. Conclusion: Soft tissue vertical relapse occurs in skeletally stabile Class Ill bimaxillary surgery patients in the first 3 years after surgery.
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    Pharyngeal airway space, hyoid bone position, and head posture after bimaxillary orthognathic surgery in Class III patients Long-term evaluation
    (E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2014) Efendiyeva, Ruchengiz; Aydemir, Halise; Karasu, Hakan; Toygar-Memikoglu, Ufuk
    Objective: (1) To determine the effect of bimaxillary orthognathic surgery on pharyngeal airway, hyoid bone, and craniocervical posture in Class III bimaxillary surgery patients. (2) To evaluate short-term and long-term results. (3) To compare short- and long-term values. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six Class III adult patients treated with bimaxillary surgery were included in the study. Cephalometric records were taken before treatment (T1), before surgery (T2), and 5 months (T3), 1.4 years (T4), 3 years (T5), and 5 years (T6) postsurgery. Results: No significant differences were identified in craniocervical angulation between time intervals. There was a significant superior movement of hyoid bone at postsurgery (T3; P < .05); however, adaptation occurred to the normal position in the long term. A nonsignificant decrease occurred at the oropharyngeal middle pharyngeal distance parameter; however, this was compensated with a significant increase between T5 and T6 (P < .001). A significant decrease was observed in the hypopharyngeal Go-P parameter between T3 and T1 (P < .01), but it recovered with a nonsignificant increase in the long term. A significant increase in nasopharyngeal area was observed between T3 and T1 (P < .05). The hypopharyngeal area significantly increased between T5 and T6, and PNS-R significantly increased between T3 and Ti (P < .05). Conclusion: The pharyngeal areas adversely affected after surgery recover at long-term follow-up; thus, adaptation occurs after bimaxillary surgery.