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    Adipokine, adropin and endothelin-1 levels in intrauterine growth restricted neonates and their mothers
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2016) Aydin, Halil Ibrahim; Eser, Ayla; Kaygusuz, Ikbal; Yildirim, Sevgi; Celik, Tugrul; Gunduz, Suzan; Kalman, Suleyman
    Intrauterine growth retardation/restriction (IUGR) is associated with fetal malnutrition. It has consequences for later life including increased incidence of obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and metabolic syndrome. Adipokines (adiponectin and leptin), adropin, and endothelin-1 are associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome regulation. Intrauterine changes in these mediators could affect programming of later adult obesity and metabolic syndrome. Our objectives were to compare the levels of these mediators in both cord and maternal blood between IUGR pregnancies and control, healthy pregnancies, and to study the correlation of adipokines with adropin and endothelin-1 in maternal and cord blood in IUGR pregnancies as well as in healthy control pregnancies. Maternal and cord blood samples were taken from 16 women with IUGR pregnancies and 16 women with healthy pregnancies. Serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, adropin, and endothelin-1 were measured by ELISA. Maternal blood adropin levels were significantly lower in the IUGR group than in the control group; the other mediators did not differ significantly. There was a positive correlation between maternal blood adropin and endothelin levels. (r = 0.731, P = 0.001) in the control but not the IUGR group. Cord blood adropin and adiponectin levels were significantly lower in the IUGR group compared with the control group, while leptin or endothelin-1 did not differ significantly. There was a negative correlation between adropin and leptin (r = -0.704, P = 0.001) in the IUGR but not the control group cord blood. There were also positive correlations between endothelin and adropin for both groups (r = 0.594, P = 0.006; r = 0.560, P = 0.010, respectively); to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of such a correlation. Differences in fetal expression of adropin and adiponectin in IUGR could influence programming of obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and CVD in later life.
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    No Relationship between Osteocalcin and the Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes
    (Galenos Yayincilik, 2014) Kucukler, Ferit Kerim; Bardak, Simge; Celik, Tugrul; Tutuncu, Yasemin; Akbaba, Gulhan; Isik, Serhat; Karaahmetoglu, Selma
    Purpose: Osteocalcin, one of the osteoblast-specific proteins is produced and secreted by osteoblasts. Although osteocalcin has been thought to play a role only in bone formation, recent studies have shown that it also enhances insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. Several studies have reported lower serum osteocalcin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than in non-diabetic individuals; and a negative correlation between microvascular complications and osteocalcin levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients. We investigated the relationship between microvascular complications and serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (uOC) levels in T2DM patients. Material and Method: One hundred seventy-nine patients with T2DM aged between 30 and 60 years were randomly included in the study; 101 patients with microvascular complications formed the patient group, and the other 78 without a microvascular complication formed the control group. The patients were evaluated for diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. The ELISA method was used to measure uOC levels. Results: The two groups were statistically similar with regard to age, gender and body mass index (BMI). Duration of diabetes was shorter in control group than in patient group (p<0.05). HbA1c level in patient group was significantly higher than in controls (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in uOC levels between the groups (p>0.05). Discussion: There was no relationship between serum osteocalcin levels and the microvascular complications of T2DM.
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    Oxidant/antioxidant balance in the aqueous humor of patients with glaucoma
    (Ijo Press, 2016) Ergan, Esra; Ozturk, Farak; Beyazyildiz, Emrullah; Elgin, Ufuk; Sen, Emine; Cankaya, Ali Bulent; Celik, Tugrul
    AIM: To evaluate total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and the oxidative stress index (OSI) of the aqueous humor (AH) in patients with glaucoma. METHODS: The prospective study was composed of a study group (n=31) and a control group (a=31). Fifteen patients in the study group were diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), and 16 patients were diagnosed with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG). The control group was composed of non -glaucomatous patients with cataracts. AH samples were collected and analyzed for TAS, TOS, and OSI levels. RESULTS: Mean AH TAS level was significantly higher in patients with glaucoma than that in the control group (P<0.01). Mean TOS and OSI levels tended to increase in patients with glaucoma. No significant differences in TAS, TOS, or OSI levels were observed between patients with POAG and PEG. CONCLUSION: High levels of TAS were observed in patients with glaucoma, which was likely a response to the increased oxidative stress observed in these patients.