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    Inhibitory Effect of Oregano and Laurel Essential Oils and Their Main Compo- nents on Seed Germination of Some Weed and Crop Species
    (2022) Tursun, Nihat; Işıkber, Ali; Alma, M.Hakki; Bozhuyuk, Ayse Usanmaz
    He essential oils from oregano (Origanum syriacum L.) and laurel (Laurus no- bilis L.), and their main components, namely, carvacrol, 1,8-cineole and ?- pinene, were tested to determine their inhibitory effects on the seed germinations of three different weeds [redroot amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), wild licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), curled dock (Rumex crispus L.) and cutleaf ground-cherry (Physalis angulata L.)] and three crops [(wheat (Triticum aes- tivum L.), corn (Zea mays L.) and cotton (Gossypium hirsitum L.)]. Gas chro- matography/mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis showed that 1,8-cineole and carvacrol were the major components of laurel and oregano essential oils, re- spectively. An in-vitro bioassay seed germination test showed that oregano es- sential oil and carvacrol completely inhibited the germination of weeds at all the concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 ?l/Petri dish, while seed germination of test weeds significantly decreased with increasing of the concentrations of laurel es- sential oil and its main components, 1,8-cineol and ?-pinene ranging from 5 to 20 ?l/Petri dish. Oregano essential oil and carvacrol were totally ineffective on cotton and corn germination (except for the concentration of 5 ?l/Petri dish of cavracrol), whereas they had a strong inhibitory activity against wheat seeds. On the other hand, the laurel essential oil and its main component, 1,8-cineole, showed less selective action on test crop species. It could be concluded that vol- atile oil from O. syriacum and its main component, cavracrol, possessed a strong inhibitory effect on germination of the weeds and was totally selective action on some crops, and could be utilized as bioherbicide for future weed management programmes.