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    Energy Use and Emission Efficiency in White Cherry Production: Evidence from Türkiye
    (Springer, 2026) Bozdemir Akcil, Merve; Candemir, Serhan; Dogan, Hasan Gokhan; Bayramoglu, Zeki
    White cherry fruit is grown primarily in Konya Province's Ere & gbreve;li District. The purpose of this study was to investigate the energy usage, energy efficiency and greenhouse gases (GHGs) produced by white cherry fruit in Konya's Ere & gbreve;li District. The data utilized within this study were collected through surveys with 30 growers during the 2025 production season; therefore, the survey data were analyzed in terms of the energy equivalencies and carbon emission factors of the inputs involved in the white cherry fruit production process. Energy usage efficiency was determined to be 4.01 MJ/ha and 45,618.31 MJ/ha. Additionally, the energy productivity, specific energy, and net energy usage per hectare were determined to be 1.37 kg/MJ, 0.80 MJ/kg, and 45,427.04 MJ/ha, respectively. The largest proportions of energy usage were in the form of chemical fertilizers at 37.73%, and electrical energy at 34.87%. Thus, the energy usage due to chemical fertilizers and electrical energy accounted for approximately two-thirds of the total energy utilization. The total GHG emissions associated with white cherry fruit production were 1185.74 kg CO2-eq/ha. A product-based GHG emission value of 0.06 kg CO2-eq/kg was also estimated. In addition, it was estimated that the majority (> 80%) of the electrical energy consumed was from non-renewable energy sources. Approximately 84.6% of the energy usage comprised non-renewable energy sources, while 15.4% comprised renewable energy sources. These results indicate a positive energy balance in white cherry fruit production; however, an increase in renewable energy usage would result in sustainable development in this area. In order to decrease both energy expenses and the carbon footprint of the white cherry fruit production system, growers could utilize energy efficient irrigation systems and solar power. The usage of nitrogen fertilizer should be optimized to minimize the carbon footprint.
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    Energy Use Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Almond Production: Evidence from Konya Province, Türkiye
    (Springer, 2026) Bozdemir Akcil, Merve; Candemir, Serhan; Dogan, Hasan Gokhan; Bayramoglu, Zeki
    This study aimed to determine the energy efficiency in almond production in T & uuml;rkiye, the structure of energy inputs, and the greenhouse gas (GHG) implications, and to evaluate the sustainability of the production system and identify areas for improvement. This study was conducted in Konya Province, one of the most important almond-growing regions in T & uuml;rkiye; data were obtained from primary sources through face-to-face surveys of 50 producers in Ere & gbreve;li during the 2025 season. The energy inputs and outputs were calculated using coefficients, and GHG emissions were estimated using emission factors, thereby enabling assessment of the main energy indicators, such as energy use efficiency (EUE), specific energy (SE), energy productivity (EP), and net energy (NE). The results of the study showed that the total energy input and total output were 36,081.25 MJ ha-1 and 21,036.57 MJ ha-1, respectively, and the EUE was calculated as 0.59, which shows that the production system is highly energy-intensive. Machinery, pesticides, electricity, and diesel were the highest energy inputs, indicating that the system depends on these inputs; consequently, the contribution of renewable energy sources to energy use was very limited. The net energy was negative, indicating the poor energy performance of the system, and total GHG emissions were 1806.6 kg CO2-eq ha-1, while electricity had the highest share of over 80% in GHG emissions. The emission intensity was 5.2 kg CO2-eq ha-1 of output, and therefore, the findings suggest that there are three priority areas for improving energy and environmental outcomes in almond production in T & uuml;rkiye: improving irrigation efficiency, optimizing nitrogen management, and increasing the share of renewable energy sources.
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    Energy Use Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Plum (Prunus domestica L.) Production: Evidence from Central Türkiye
    (Springer, 2026) Bozdemir Akcil, Merve; Candemir, Serhan; Dogan, Hasan Gokhan; Bayramoglu, Zeki
    This research sought to study the amount of energy and the amount of greenhouse gas released in the plum growing in Ak & scedil;ehir, a district of Konya. The information was obtained from the farmers mentioned above, by means of questionnaires which were filled up during a part of the 2025 harvest. In order to ascertain the energy and emission values of all inputs, standard references available to workers in agricultural investigations were used. Total energy input was found to be 10,441.48 megajoules per hectare, while total energy output was 26,127.53 megajoules per hectare. This means that for one unit of energy put in, there is about 2.53 units received. Nearly one half of all energy used is in the form of electricity, which also has the greatest potential effect on the general appearance of the farm from the point of view of its energy economy. The total amount of greenhouse gases evolved was estimated to be about 1217 kg per hectare, in terms of equivalent CO, of which about three-fourths come from the use of electric energy. These results show that there is an efficient use of energy in the growing of plums in this region, but that it is rather limited in its possibilities for improvement in environmental quality on account of the rare use of renewable energy. The greatest possibilities for use of this renewable energy lies in the way of increased use of solar energy for irrigation and from the use of machinery that is more economical in energy used for that purpose. The general effect of this would be a decrease in cost of production which would mean greater opportunity for agricultural enterprise and at the same time an improved quality of the farm from the point of view of it being more happily located in a less polluted environment.