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    Can Environmental Enrichment Mitigate Cell Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System Under Adverse Health Conditions? A Systematic Review
    (Wiley, 2026) de Sousa Fernandes, Matheus Santos; Ferreira, Diorginis Jose Soares; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Badicu, Georgian; Santos, Gabriela Carvalho Jurema; Guedes, Maria Carolina Santos; Ardigo, Luca Paolo
    To summarize the available evidence in the literature regarding the effects of exposure to an enriched environment (EE) on the modulation of apoptotic markers in central tissue of rodents under unfavorable conditions. Searches were conducted in three databases: PubMed/Medline (70 articles), Scopus (65 articles), and EMBASE (128 articles), all of which were subjected to eligibility criteria. Of the 263 articles found, 95 duplicates were removed. After evaluating the title and abstract, 147 studies were excluded, leaving 21 articles, 16 of which were included in this systematic review. EE was implemented using various inanimate objects. The disruptive event/condition included social isolation, cerebral ischemia, stroke, postpartum depression, accelerated aging, ischemia/reperfusion, high altitude, Alzheimer's disease, hypobaric hypoxia, infrasound exposure, sepsis, and exposure to sevoflurane. Regarding the expression of apoptotic markers, after EE exposure, there was a reduction in the expression of p-IKK beta/IKK beta and p-P65/P65 in the hippocampus, a reduction in Bax, as well as cleaved Caspase-3, Cytochrome C, a reduction in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and p53. As for anti-apoptotic markers, increased expression of Bcl-2 was observed following EE exposure. This systematic review concludes that the benefits of EE can reduce apoptosis through the modulation of both pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes. In this regard, EE has been shown to be an important neuroprotective tool in various adverse conditions, mitigating cognitive deficits by reducing apoptosis related to cellular stress.
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    Enhancing Cognitive Health in Elderly Individuals: The Impact of Hatha Yoga on Attention, Memory, and Reasoning: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    (Wiley, 2025) Oueslati, Rania; Souissi, Mohamed Abdelkader; Jarraya, Sana; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Badicu, Georgian; Al-Hashem, Fahaid; Dahmen, Riadh
    Background: Aging leads to physiological and psychological changes that compromise both mental and physical autonomy, as well as cognitive functions, thereby increasing the risk of anxiety and depression. The sedentary lifestyle typical of older individuals results in a deterioration of the overall quality of life and well-being. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Hatha yoga in improving cognitive health among older adults. We will specifically examine the impact of this practice on attention, memory, and reasoning. Methods: The present study assesses the impact of Hatha yoga on attention, memorization, and reasoning in healthy older adults aged between 65 and 80 years. The study population comprises 45 healthy individuals (26 men and 19 women; 72.3 +/- 5.6 years) residing in a retirement home, divided into three groups: a yoga group (YOGA, n = 15) that participated in yoga sessions; a physical activity group (APS, n = 15) engaged in sports and physical activities sessions; and a control group (CONT, n = 15) that did not undertake any activities. The study spanned 24 sessions, with two sessions per week lasting 45 min each. Participants completed test sessions dedicated to evaluating attention, memory, and reasoning before (T0) and after (T1) 12 weeks. A two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences between groups and over time. Results: After the intervention sessions, the data showed that the YOGA group registered significantly greater improvements at T1 compared to that of T0 in all cognitive parameters (e.g., attention (p < 0.001, Hedges' g = 1.35), memory (p < 0.001, Hedges' g = 1.04), and reasoning (p < 0.001, Hedges' g = 1.82)). Furthermore, our results revealed a significant difference between the YOGA group and both the APS (p < 0.001) and CONT (p < 0.01) groups for the attention and reasoning parameters at T1. Conclusions: This study underscores the potential of Hatha yoga to enhance the mental well-being of the elderly, suggesting significant benefits for cognitive well-being in this population. Trial Registration: Pan African Clinical Trials Registry: PACTR202405804830163.
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    Impact of at-home circuit training on cardiovascular risk, functional capacity and quality of life in older adults with knee osteoarthritis and diabesity: a randomized controlled trial
    (Amer Inst Mathematical Sciences-Aims, 2026) Al-Mhanna, Sameer Badri; Kamaluddin, Zahid Nori; Badicu, Georgian; Ghazali, Wan Syaheedah Wan; Mohamed, Mahaneem; Muhamad, Ayu Suzailiana; Batrakoulis, Alexios
    Background: The present study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of a 12-week home-based circuit training (HBCT) protocol on numerous indices associated with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and cardiometabolic health among older adult patients with KOA and the metabolic overlap between obesity and type 2 diabetes, also known as diabesity. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was registered at the Clinical Trials Registry (Date: March 7, 2024; ID: NCT06309654). Seventy overweight or obese participants (56% male) with a mean age of 62.2 +/- 6.1 years were randomly allocated to the exercise group (n = 35, HBCT) or the non-exercising control group (n = 35, CON). HBCT performed a progressive protocol, lasting 20-60 min, three times per week. Each exercise session comprised seven exercises, with 15-30 repetitions, a 1-min passive rest between exercises, and 2-4 rounds per session. The assessment of outcomes included knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score, cardiometabolic risk factors, cardiorespiratory fitness, and renal function at pre-and post-training. Results: The results demonstrate that HBCT led to a notable enhancement in the majority of cardiometabolic health indicators (e.g., anthropometrics, blood pressure, and glucose metabolism), KOA parameters related to quality of life and functionality, and cardiorespiratory fitness when compared with CON (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in total bilirubin, sodium, urea, and resting heart rate between HBCT and CON. Conclusion: The present results suggest that an injury-free HBCT program may improve numerous cardiometabolic health-and KOA-related indicators in older adult patients with KOA and diabesity.
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    Prediction of obesity levels based on physical activity and eating habits with a machine learning model integrated with explainable artificial intelligence
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2025) Gormez, Yasin; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Yagin, Burak; Aygun, Yalin; Boke, Hulusi; Badicu, Georgian; Aghaei, Mohammadreza
    Objectives This study aims to build a machine learning (ML) prediction model integrated with explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to categorize obesity levels from physical activity and dietary patterns. The inclusion of XAI methodologies facilitates a comprehensive understanding of the risk factors influencing the model predictions and thus increases transparency in the identification of obesity risk factors.Methods Six ML models were used: Bernoulli Naive Bayes, CatBoost, Decision Tree, Extra Trees Classifier, Histogram-based Gradient Boosting and Support Vector Machine. For each model, hyperparameters were tuned by random search methodology and model effectiveness was evaluated by repeated holdout testing. SHAP (SHapley Additive Annotations) and LIME (Local Interpretable Model Independent Annotations) interpretability methods were used to generate local and global feature importance measures.Results The CatBoost model exhibited the highest overall performance and achieved superior results in accuracy, precision, F1 score and AUC metrics. Nonetheless, other models such as Decision Tree and Histogram-based Gradient Boosting also yielded strong and competitive results. The results also highlighted age, weight, height and specific food patterns as key predictors of obesity. In terms of interpretability, LIME showed superior in fidelity, whereas SHAP showed improved sparsity and consistency across models, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of trait importance.Conclusion This research demonstrates that ML algorithms, when integrated with XAI technologies, can accurately predict obesity levels and explain important contributing risk factors. The use of SHAP and LIME increases model transparency, facilitating the identification of specific lifestyle patterns linked to obesity risk. These findings help to formulate more precise intervention techniques guided by a reliable and understandable predictive framework.
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    The effects of different multidirectional plyometric sequences on shooting, balance, and neuromuscular performance in professional male basketball players
    (Public Library Science, 2025) Brini, Seifeddine; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Calleja-Gonzalez, Julio; Sansone, Pierpaolo; Badicu, Georgian; Bouassida, Anissa; Delextrat, Anne
    Objective Repeated multidirectional jumps are highly specific movements in basketball, which may be important to integrate the training routine. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess the effects of three different multidirectional plyometric jumping sequences on shooting, balance, and neuromuscular performance in professional, male basketball players. Methods Eighteen players underwent familiarization and baseline performance assessments in an initial session. Players then completed 21 visits in a randomized, counterbalanced manner. Each visit involving 10 repetitions of one of three different multidirectional plyometric protocols followed by a single performance test (countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (SJ), five jump (FJT), change-of-direction T-test (CoD T), Stork balance (SBT), Y-balance (YBT), three-point shooting (3pts) tests). The first plyometric protocol (P1) consisted of a combination of vertical and horizontal jumps, the second protocol (P2) consisted of a combination of drop, lateral, and vertical jumps, and the third protocol (P3) consisted of a combination of drop, single-leg step-up, and horizontal jumps. Each session was separated by at least 48 h of rest and recovery time between repetitions was 20 s. Results Neuromuscular (CMJ, SJ, FJT and CoD T), body balance (SBT and YBT), and Shooting performances were significantly worse following each plyometric protocol compared to baseline (p < 0.001; d = 0.23-2.21). In addition, the majority of the measured performances were significantly lower following P3 compared to P1 and P2. Conclusions Basketball-specific performance was adversely influenced by repeated multidirectional plyometric routines. Incorporating these particular strategies into the training regimen to counteract the induced tiredness will be intriguing.