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    Genetic background of the rhinologic diseases
    (Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2013) Gündüz, Mehmet; Üçtepe, Eyyüp; Gündüz, Esra
    Rhinologic diseases have a very high prevalence worldwide. It is known now that many rhinologic diseases have a strong genetic background. Some formidable challenges still remain for these diseases. However, research in the field of genetics has made much progress over the last decade and is expected to advance even further in the near future, as increasingly powerful analytical tools are being developed to unlock the complexities of genetic diseases. Information on the genetics of allergic diseases is important not only for analyzing the molecular basis of these diseases but also for investigating new drugs. Today, there is a huge effort to understand the molecular basis of disease and to find new therapies. © 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
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    Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes as a biomarker in breast cancer
    (Springer India, 2014) Üçtepe, Eyyüp; Acar, Muradiye; Gündüz, Esra; Gündüz, Mehmet
    Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer in women in the United States and the Western world. The important question is what can be done to limit the human suffering associated with cancer and to reduce the burden on society? One solution is early detection. Early diagnosis of breast cancer before symptoms emerge is the most effective prevention of breast cancer. Currently, mammography is the gold standard for breast cancer screening. The procedure is suggested and often reimbursed for women between the ages of 50 and 75. Yet it is presumed that between 15 and 25 % of women with early-stage breast cancers are presently missed by commonly used diagnostic procedures such as mammography. Since breast cancer is also diagnosed in an increasing number of younger women, the screening strategy should be modified. Hence, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes could be used as biomarkers for early detection of breast cancer. Eventually, researchers aim to use the molecular data collected from an individual tumor for prognostication and personalized therapy for each patient. Genetic profiles of tumors are now providing information about clinical outcome, and some prognostic and predictive indicators have appeared based on this research. In the near future, prospective tissue collection for molecular analysis may become routine in order to classify patients for alternative treatment options and to optimize treatment strategies based on molecular structure of the cancer. © 2015 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.