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    Clothing and child health: What should a child wear, and how should it be laundered?
    (Cocuk Sagligi ve Hastaliklan Dergisi muratyurdakok@yahoo.com, 2015) Örün, Emel
    Appropriate clothing is the right of every child. When choosing clothing, the child's health, safety and well-being/comfort should be the foremost considerations. With this in mind, the ideal clothing can be selected by taking into account such factors as fabric, size, fastenings (buttons, zippers, etc.), design and weather conditions. Beyond this, it must be remembered that children are exposed to the substances in their clothing - including the products used in laundering it - both directly (via the skin, or orally by sucking on textiles) and indirectly (inhalation of textile chemicals absorbed in dust particles or pollution of the aquatic environment with chemicals). Currently, some chemicals found in textiles are threatening to children's health: these include dyes, finishing agents, toxic metals, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants and phthalates. In this article, clothing and laundry detergents are considered in relation to child health. © 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
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    Factors that affect age of initiation and completion of toilet training
    (OrtadogŸu Reklam Tanitim Yayincilik Turizm Egitim Insaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.S. aysea@turkiyeklinikleri.com Turkocagi Caddesi No. 30 Balgat 06520, 2017) Örün, Emel; Tufan Pekküçüksen, Naile; Kenan Kanburoglu, Mehmet
    Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the timing of initiation and completion of toilet training (TT) and affecting factors in a group of Turkish children aged 24-60 months. Material and Methods: This survey was performed in an outpatient clinic at Turgut Ozal University Hospital. A questionnaire containing 35 items were applied to the parents who have children aged 24-60 months. The children who couldn't completed TT and had developmental retardation or genitourinary and gastrointestinal system anomalies were excluded. Results: A total of 418 children were taken to the study. Mean the initiation and completion ages were 25.2±5.6 and 27.2±5.8 months, respectively. Mean of TT duration was 56.2±52.5 days. Only 6% of the children were started to the TT at under aged 18 months. Most parents had considered to child's age and readinees for TT. We didn't find any significant association between the age at starting and completion of TT and gender, gestational age, being first born, emplooyed mother, family type, undergoing circumcision, applying reward and punishment during training. Later age of starting and completion TT were associated with higher education level of parents and consulting to an expert during TT. Later age at completion of TT was associated with attending daycare. Conclusion: This study showed that most Turkish families prefer to start on recomended time for the age at initiation of TT and implementing to child-oriented approach in Turkish families. © 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.