A study about excellent xanthine oxidase inhibitory effects of new pyridine salts

Abstract

A series of pyridine salts were synthesized containing vitamin B3 (niacin), isonicotinonitrile, and non-substituted pyridine fragment from reactions of 1,3-dibromopropane, 1,4-dibromobutane, and 4,4′-bis(chloromethyl)-1,1′-biphenyl reactants with pyridines. The builds of pyridine salts were identified by dint of IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques, and CHN analyses. Therewithal, the build of a compound was assigned via the X-ray single-crystal diffraction method. 1,3-Bis(3-cyanopyridine-1-ium-1-yl)propane dibromide crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Ccce, with half of the cation molecule and one bromide anion in the asymmetric unit. Enzyme inhibitory properties of pyridine compounds were tested on the activities of xanthine oxidase (XO) and determined in the range from 0.394 to 0.623 μM. All of the compounds inhibited enzyme more effectively than allopurinol that which is a standard drug. In addition, docking calculations were applied to investigate the binding properties and interactions of pyridine salts towards XO.